Name at birth: Roald Engebreth Gravning Amundsen

Roald Amundsen made a name for himself with his 1903-06 expedition on the Gjoa; he was the first to successfully navigate the Northwest Passage and he managed to locate the site of the magnetic North Pole. He planned to be the first to reach the North Pole, but upon hearing that he'd been beaten by Robert Peary (1909), Amundsen secretly switched plans and headed for Antarctica, hoping to be the first to reach the South Pole (Ernest Shackleton had nearly reached it in 1909). He arrived there December 14, 1911, one month before the ill-fated expedition of British explorer Robert Falcon Scott. In the 1920s Amundsen explored the Arctic by air, and in 1926 was part of the first team to successfully fly from Europe to America over the North Pole. In June of 1928 Amundsen disappeared when his plane crashed in the Arctic while on a rescue mission.