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Pusan , Jap. Fusan, city (1995 pop. 3,813,814), extreme SE South Korea, on the Korea Strait. It is the nation's second largest city and largest port, handling most of South Korea's foreign trade. Since 1963, Pusan has been a special city with the status of a province. Lying at the head of the Naktong River basin, it has served as a main southern gateway to Korea from Japan, which, during its rule over Korea (1905–45), developed Pusan's excellent natural harbor. The city is also the southern terminus of the main railroad line from Seoul. Pusan began construction on its first subway in 1980. A leading industrial and commercial center, Pusan's manufactures include ships, automobiles, textiles, iron, steel, electronics, plywood, chemicals, ceramics, paper, tires and other rubber products, frozen seafood, and fishing nets. There are also important ship-repair facilities, railroad shops, and several thermal and hydroelectric power stations. Fishing and agriculture are carried on chiefly for local consumption. Nearby hot springs have made Pusan a popular resort city. The city became a major port under the Chinese Empire. It was invaded in 1592 by the Japanese, who had long maintained a trading post there; however, the Japanese forces were recalled in 1598. In 1876 the Koreans were compelled to sign a treaty opening Pusan to Japanese trade and immigration. In 1883 the port was opened to general foreign commerce. During the Korean War it was (Aug–Sept., 1950) the site of a United Nations beachhead (see Inchon). Refugees from the war more than doubled Pusan's population. Historic landmarks include the Kyongbok Palace, built in 1394 by the first monarch of the Yi dynasty; the Changdok Palace, containing many valuable relics; and the Toksu Palace (1593), which houses the National Museum and Art Gallery. The city is the seat of two universities and seven colleges. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. |
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