1827

Composer Ludwig van Beethoven died at age 56 in Vienna, Austria.

1945

The battle of Iwo Jima ended; about 22,000 Japanese troops were killed or captured in the fighting and more than 4,500 U.S. troops were killed.

1971

East Pakistan proclaimed its independence, taking the name Bangladesh.

1979

In a ceremony at the White House, President Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Begin of Israel signed a peace treaty ending 30 years of war between the two countries.

1982

Groundbreaking ceremonies for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial took place in Washington, DC.

2000

Vladimir Putin was elected president of Russia.

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