Brewer's: Animals in Christian Art

  • The ant symbolises prudence
  • the ape, malice, lust, and cunning
  • the ass, sobriety, or the Jewish nation
  • the asp, Christ, or Christian faith
  • the bee, industry
  • the camel, submission
  • the cock, vigilance
  • the dog, fidelity
  • the fox, fraud and cunning
  • the hog, impurity
  • the lamb, innocence;
  • the leopard, sin
  • the ox, pride
  • the wolf, cruelty.

Some animals are appropriated to certain saints: as

  • the calf or ox to Luke
  • the cock to Peter
  • the eagle to John the Divine
  • the lion to Mark
  • the raven to Benedict, etc.

The lamb, the pelican, and the unicorn, are symbols of Christ.

The dragon, serpent, and swine, symbolise Satan and his crew.

Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
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