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Music: History, Composers, and Performers: Biographies Abbado, Claudio Adam, Adolphe Charles Adam de la Halle Adams, John Adler, Larry Adam le Bossu Albéniz, Isaac Alberti, Domenico Albinoni, Tomaso Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg Alkan, Charles Henri Valentin Alypius Ameling, Elly Anderson, Marian Ansermet, Ernest Antheil, George Arcadelt, Jacob Arensky, Anton Stepanovich Aristoxenus of Tarentum Arne, Thomas Augustine Arrau, Claudio Aretinus, Guido Auber, Daniel-François-Esprit Auer, Leopold Babbitt, Milton Bach Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Johann Christian Baccaloni, Salvatore Bach, Johann Sebastian Badings, Henk Baker, Dame Janet Balakirev, Mili Alekseyevich Balfe, Michael William Barber, Samuel Barbirolli, Sir John Barenboim, Daniel Barrère, Georges Bartók, Béla Bartoli, Cecilia Battle, Kathleen Bauer, Harold Bax, Sir Arnold Edward Trevor Beach, Mrs. H. H. A. Beecham, Sir Thomas Beeson, Jack Beethoven, Ludwig van Bellini, Vincenzo Benda, Georg Anton Benevoli, Orazio Bennett, Sir William Sterndale Berg, Alban Berio, Luciano Bernstein, Leonard Berwald, Franz Berlioz, Louis-Hector Biber, Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biggs, E. Power Billings, William Binchois, Gilles Bing, Rudolf Bishop, Sir Henry Rowley Bispham, David Scull Bizet, Georges Björling, Jussi Blacher, Boris Bliss, Sir Arthur Bloch, Ernest Blow, John Boccherini, Luigi Böhm, Karl Boieldieu, François Adrien Boito, Arrigo Bolcom, William Bond, Carrie Jacobs Bononcini Bori, Lucrezia Borodin, Aleksandr Porfirevich Bortniansky, Dmitri Stepanovich Boulanger, Nadia Boult, Sir Adrian Boulez, Pierre Boyce, William Bradbury, William Batchelder Brain, Dennis Brahms, Johannes Bream, Julian Britten, Benjamin, Baron Britten of Aldeburgh Bruch, Max Bruckner, Anton Broschi, Carlo Bull, Ole Bornemann Bülow, Hans Guido, Freiherr von Burleigh, Henry Thacker Burlin, Natalie Curtis Burney, Charles Busch, Adolf Busoni, Ferruccio Benvenuto Buononcini Buxtehude, Dietrich Byrd, William Caballé, Montserrat Caccini, Giulio Cadman, Charles Wakefield Cage, John Caldara, Antonio Callas, Maria Meneghini Calvé, Emma Cambert, Robert Campion, Thomas Carissimi, Giacomo Carpenter, John Alden Carreño, Teresa Caruso, Enrico Casadesus, Robert Casals, Pablo (Pau) Casella, Alfredo Carter, Elliott Cook, Jr. Cavalieri, Lina Cavalli, Pietro Francesco Caldwell, Sarah Campian, Thomas Chabrier, Alexis Emmanuel Chadwick, George Whitefield Chaliapin, Feodor Ivanovich Chaminade, Cécile Louise Stéphanie Chapin, Schuyler G. Charpentier, Gustave Chausson, Ernest Amédée Chávez, Carlos Cherubini, Luigi Chopin, Frédéric François Cimarosa, Domenico Clementi, Muzio Cliburn, Van Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel Colonne, Édouard Converse, Frederick Shepherd Copland, Aaron Corelli, Arcangelo Corelli, Franco Cornelius, Peter Corigliano, John Paul Cortot, Alfred Denis Couperin, François Cowell, Henry Dixon Cui, César Antonovich Crawford, Ruth Crespin, Régine Creston, Paul Crumb, George Henry Czerny, Karl Dallapiccola, Luigi Damrosch, Frank Heino Damrosch, Leopold Damrosch, Walter Johannes Dargomijsky, Aleksandr Sergeyevich David, Félicien César Davis, Sir Colin Rex Davies, Sir Peter Maxwell Debussy, Claude Achille Delibes, Léo Delius, Frederick Deller, Alfred de los Angeles, Victoria Del Tredici, David Dent, Edward Joseph Dessau, Paul Destinn, Emmy Dett, Robert Nathaniel Des Prés, Josquin Diabelli, Antonio Diamond, David Dibdin, Charles D'Indy, Vincent Dittersdorf, Karl Ditters von Dohnányi, Ernst von Domingo, Placido Donizetti, Gaetano Dorati, Antal Dowland, John Dragonetti, Domenico Dufay, Guillaume Dukas, Paul Dunstable, John Duparc, Henri D'Urfey, Thomas Dusek, Jan Ladislav Dvořák, Antonín Eisler, Hanns Elgar, Sir Edward William Elman, Mischa Enesco, Georges Falla, Manuel de Farinelli, Carlo Broschi Farrar, Geraldine Farrell, Eileen Fauré, Gabriel Urbain Ferrier, Kathleen Festa, Costanzo Fétis, François Joseph Feuermann, Emanuel Feldman, Morton Fiedler, Arthur Field, John Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich Flagstad, Kirsten Flotow, Friedrich von Fleming, Renée Floyd, Carlisle Foote, Arthur William Foss, Lukas Franck, César Auguste Franz, Robert Fremstad, Olive Nayan Frescobaldi, Girolamo Friml, Rudolf Froberger, Johann Jakob Furtwängler, Wilhelm Gabrilowitsch, Ossip Gade, Niels Vilhelm Gabrieli, Andrea Galilei, Vincenzo Galli-Curci, Amelita Galuppi, Baldassare García, Manuel del Popolo Vicente Garden, Mary Gatti-Casazza, Giulio Gaul, Alfred Robert Geminiani, Francesco Gerhardt, Elena Gesualdo, Carlo Gershwin, George Gibbons, Orlando Gieseking, Walter Gigli, Beniamino Gilman, Lawrence Ginastera, Alberto Giordano, Umberto Giulini, Carlo Maria Glass, Philip Glazunov, Aleksandr Konstantinovich Glière, Reinhold Moritzovich Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich Gluck, Alma Gluck, Christoph Willibald von Goldmark, Karl Goldman, Edwin Franko Gombert, Nicolas Górecki, Henryk Mikolaj Gossec, François Joseph Gottschalk, Louis Moreau Gould, Glenn Gounod, Charles François Grainger, Percy Aldridge Granados, Enrique Graun, Carl Heinrich Graupner, Christoph Graupner, Gottlieb Gretchaninov, Aleksandr Tichonovich Grétry, André Ernest Modeste Grieg, Edvard Hagerup Griffes, Charles Tomlinson Grisi, Giulia Grove, Sir George Gruber, Franz Gruenberg, Louis Guido d'Arezzo Guilmant, Félix Alexandre Guillaume de Machaut Hadley, Henry Kimball Hahn, Reynaldo Hale, Philip Halévy, Jacques François Fromental Élie Hallé, Sir Charles Hammerstein, Oscar Hammerstein, Oscar, 2d Handel, George Frideric Hanson, Howard Harris, Roy Hart, Lorenz Milton Hasse, Johann Adolph Hastings, Thomas Hauer, Josef Matthias Haydn, Franz Joseph Haydn, Michael Hayes, Roland Harrison, Lou Heifetz, Jascha Henselt, Adolf von Henschel, Sir George Herbert, Victor Henze, Hans Werner Hérold, Louis Joseph Ferdinand Hess, Dame Myra Hildegard of Bingen Hindemith, Paul Hofmann, Joseph Holden, Oliver Holst, Gustav Honegger, Arthur Horne, Marilyn Horowitz, Vladimir Hovhaness, Alan Hucbald Hummel, Johann Nepomuk Humperdinck, Engelbert Ibert, Jacques Indy, Vincent d' Ippolitov-Ivanov, Mikhail Mikhailovich Ireland, John Isaac, Heinrich Iturbi, José Ives, Charles Janáček, Leoš Jannequin, Clément Jeritza, Maria Joachim, Joseph Johnson, Edward Johnson, John Rosamond Jommelli, Niccolò Josquin Desprez Kabalevsky, Dmitri Karajan, Herbert von Kelley, Edgar Stillman Kellogg, Clara Louise Kennedy, Nigel Kern, Jerome Khachaturian, Aram Ilich Khatchatourian, Aram Ilich Khan, Ali Akbar Kirchner, Leon Kipnis, Alexander Klemperer, Otto Kodály, Zoltán Koechlin, Charles Kostelanetz, André Koussevitzky, Serge Krehbiel, Henry Edward Kreisler, Fritz Kreutzer, Rodolphe Křenek, Ernst Kubelík, Jan Kuhnau, Johann Lalo, Édouard Victor Antoine Landini, Francesco Landowska, Wanda Lasso, Orlando di Law, Andrew Lachenmann, Helmut La Halle, Adam de Lassus, Orlandus Lassus, Roland de Leclair, Jean-Marie Lecuona, Ernesto Lehár, Franz Lehmann, Lilli Lehmann, Lotte Leinsdorf, Erich Leoncavallo, Ruggiero Lesueur, Jean François Leppard, Raymnond John Levine, James Lind, Jenny Liszt, Franz Ligeti, György Lloyd Webber, Andrew Locatelli, Pietro Loeffler, Charles Martin Lortzing, Gustav Albert Lully, Jean Baptiste Ludwig, Christa Ma, Yo-Yo MacDowell, Edward Alexander Machaut, Guillaume de Maderna, Bruno Mahler, Gustav Malibran, Maria Felicità Malipiero, Gian Francesco Mannes, David Marchesi, Mathilde Marenzio, Luca Mario Marschner, Heinrich August Martinelli, Giovanni Martini, Giovanni Battista Mascagni, Pietro Martinů, Bohuslav Mason, Lowell Massenet, Jules Masur, Kurt Maazel, Lorin Varencove Mason, Daniel Gregory McCormack, John Mehta, Zubin Méhul, Étienne Nicolas Melba, Dame Nellie Melchior, Lauritz Mengelberg, Josef Willem Mendelssohn, Felix Menuhin, Yehudi Menotti, Gian-Carlo Messiaen, Olivier Merrill, Robert Meyerbeer, Giacomo Miaskovsky, Nikolai Yakovlevich Milhaud, Darius Milstein, Nathan Mitropoulos, Dimitri Monk, Meredith Jane Monteverdi, Claudio Monteux, Pierre Moore, Douglas Stuart Morley, Thomas Moscheles, Ignaz Mottl, Felix Moussorgsky, Modest Petrovich Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus Muffat, Georg Muir, Alexander Münch, Charles Muti, Riccardo Mussorgsky, Modest Petrovich Nevin, Ethelbert Woodbridge Newman, Ernest Nicolai, Otto Nielsen, Carl Nikisch, Arthur Nilsson, Birgit Nono, Luigi Nordica, Lillian Norman, Jessye Obrecht, Jacob Ockeghem, Johannes Offenbach, Jacques Levy Oistrakh, David Feodorovich Okeghem, Jean d' Onslow, George Orff, Carl Ormandy, Eugene Ozawa, Seiji Pachelbel, Johann Pachmann, Vladimir de Paganini, Niccolò Paine, John Knowles Paisiello, Giovanni Paderewski, Ignace Jan Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da Parker, Horatio William Partch, Harry Patti, Adelina Pärt, Arvo Pavarotti, Luciano Pears, Sir Peter Peerce, Jan Penderecki, Krzysztof Pepusch, John Christopher Peri, Jacopo Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista Perlman, Itzhak Persichetti, Vincent Pfitzner, Hans Piatigorsky, Gregor Piccinni, Niccolò Pierné, Henri Constant Gabriel Pinza, Ezio Piston, Walter Pizzetti, Ildebrando Ponchielli, Amilcare Pons, Lily Ponselle, Rosa Porpora, Niccolò Antonio Pousseur, Henri Powell, John Poulenc, Francis Praetorius, Michael Previn, Sir André Price, Leontyne Primrose, William Prokofiev, Sergei Sergeyevich Puccini, Giacomo Purcell, Henry Quantz, Johann Joachim Rachmaninoff, Sergei Vasilyevich Raff, Joseph Joachim Rameau, Jean Philippe Ravel, Maurice Rattle, Sir Simon Ramey, Samuel Rampal, Jean-Pierre Reger, Max Reich, Steve Reinecke, Carl Reinmar von Zweter Respighi, Ottorino Reszke, Jean de Reyer, Ernest Reiner, Fritz Rheinberger, Josef Richter, Sviatoslav Rimsky-Korsakov, Nicolai Andreyevich Robeson, Paul Rodrigo, Joaquín Rodgers, Richard Charles Rorem, Ned Root, George Frederick Romberg, Sigmund Rore, Cipriano de Rosenthal, Moriz Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio Rostropovitch, Mstislav Roussel, Albert Rubinstein, Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein, Arthur Ruggles, Carl Sacchini, Antonio Maria Gasparo Saint-Saëns, Charles Camille Salieri, Antonio Samaroff, Olga Sammartini, Giovanni Battista Sarasate, Pablo de Sargent, Sir Malcolm Satie, Erik Salonen, Esa-Pekka Stainer, Sir John Stamitz, Johann Stanford, Sir Charles Villiers Stern, Isaac Still, William Grant Stock, Frederick Stokowski, Leopold Stradella, Alessandro Stockhausen, Karlheinz Straus, Oscar Strauss Strauss, Richard Stravinsky, Igor Fedorovich Stradivari, Antonio Strauss, Eduard Strauss, Josef Strauss, Johann Scarlatti, Alessandro Scharwenka, Franz Xaver Scherchen, Hermann Schenker, Heinrich Schipa, Tito Schnabel, Artur Schober, Johann Schoenberg, Arnold Schuman, William Schumann, Robert Alexander Schumann-Heink, Ernestine Schütz, Heinrich Schwarzkopf, Elisabeth Schubert, Franz Peter Scotti, Antonio Scriabin, Aleksandr Nikolayevich Scotto, Renata Schnittke, Alfred Segovia, Andrés Sembrich, Marcella Sessions, Roger Serkin, Rudolf Shankar, Ravi Sharp, Cecil James Shostakovich, Dmitri Shaw, Robert Lawson Sibelius, Jean Julius Christian Sills, Beverly Sinding, Christian Skriabin, Aleksandr Nikolayevich Slatkin, Leonard Slezak, Leo Smetana, Bedřich Smyth, Dame Ethel Mary Sokoloff, Nicolai Solti, Sir Georg Sonneck, Oscar George Theodore Sontag, Henriette Sondheim, Stephen Joshua Sousa, John Philip Sowerby, Leo Spohr, Ludwig Spontini, Gaspare Suk, Josef Sullivan, Sir Arthur Seymour Suppé, Franz von Sutherland, Dame Joan Sweelinck, Jan Pieterszoon Swanson, Howard Szigeti, Joseph Szell, George Szymanowski, Karol Takemitsu, Toru Tallis, Thomas Taneiev, Sergei Ivanovich Tannhäuser Tartini, Giuseppe Tauber, Richard Taverner, John Taylor, Deems Tallys, Thomas Tavener, Sir John Kenneth Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilyich Tebaldi, Renata Telemann, Georg Philipp Te Kanawa, Dame Kiri Terpander Terry, Sir Richard Runciman Tetrazzini, Luisa Thomas, Ambroise Thomas, John Charles Thomas, Michael Tilson Thomson, Virgil Tibbett, Lawrence Tippett, Sir Michael Tilson Thomas, Michael Tosti, Sir Francesco Paolo Toscanini, Arturo Tovey, Sir Donald Francis Tschaikowsky, Piotr Ilich Tucker, Richard Ussachevsky, Vladimir Varèse, Edgard Vaughan Williams, Ralph Verdi, Giuseppe Viardot-Garcia, Pauline Victoria, Tomás Luis de Vieuxtemps, Henri Villa-Lobos, Heitor Viotti, Giovanni Battista Vivaldi, Antonio Vogler, Georg Joseph Wagner, Richard Walter, Bruno Walton, Sir William Turner Walther von der Vogelweide Watts, Isaac Weber, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Webern, Anton von Weelkes, Thomas Weingartner, Felix Weill, Kurt Weinberger, Jaromir Wellesz, Egon Webber, Andrew Lloyd White, Clarence Cameron Whiteman, Paul Widor, Charles Marie Wilbye, John Willaert, Adrian Witherspoon, Herbert Williams, Ralph Vaughan Wolf, Hugo Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno Wolpe, Stefan Wuorinen, Charles Xenakis, Yannis Youmans, Vincent Ysaÿe, Eugène Zimbalist, Efrem Zukerman, Pinchas

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