Civil War, in U.S. history: Aftermath

The long war was over, but for the victors the peace was marred by the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the greatest figure of the war. The ex-Confederate states, after enduring the unsuccessful attempts of Reconstruction to impose a new society on the South, were readmitted to the Union, which had been saved and in which slavery was now abolished. The Civil War brought death to more Americans than did any other war, including World War II. Photographs by Mathew B. Brady and others reveal some of the horror behind the statistics. The war cost untold billions and nourished rather than canceled hatreds and intolerance, which persisted for decades. It established many of the patterns, especially a strong central government, that are now taken for granted in American national life. Virtually every battlefield, with its graves, is either a national or a state park. Monuments commemorating Civil War figures and events are conspicuous in almost all sizable Northern towns and are even more numerous in the upper South.

Sections in this article:

• Introduction
• Aftermath
• Lee's Surrender
• The Election of 1864
• Grant and Sherman Lead to Victory
• Turning Point
• The Emancipation Proclamation
• The War in the West
• Naval Engagements
• Sumter to Gettysburg
• The Election of 1860
• Causes
• Bibliography

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