Barbados

Map of Barbados

Sovereign: Queen Elizabeth II (1952)

Governor-General: Sir Elliot Belgrave (2012)

Prime Minister: Freundel Stuart (2010)

Land area: 166 sq mi (430 sq km); total area 166 sq mi (431 sq km)

Population (2012 est.): 287,733 (growth rate: 0.35%); birth rate: 12.23/1000; infant mortality rate: 12.23/1000; life expectancy: 74.52; density per sq km: 654

Capital and largest city (2009 est.): Bridgetown, 112,000

Monetary unit: Barbados dollar

Current government officials Language: English

Ethnicity/race: black 90%, white 4%, Asian and mixed 6%

Religions: Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%), Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, other 12%

National Holiday: Independence Day, November 30

Literacy rate: 99.7% (2011 est.)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2011 est.): $6.528 billion; per capita: $23,600. Real growth rate: –1.8%. Inflation: 5=7.4% (2011 est.). Unemployment: 5.7% (2011 est.). Arable land: 37.21%. Agriculture: sugarcane, vegetables, cotton. Labor force: 175,000 (2011 est.); services 75%, industry 15%, agriculture 10% (1996 est.). Industries: tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export. Natural resources: petroleum, fish, natural gas. Exports: $467.4 million (2011 est): sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components. Imports: $1.601 billion (2011 est.): consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components. Major trading partners: U.S., UK, Trindad and Tobago, St. Lucia, Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Japan (2004).

Member of Commonwealth of Nations

Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 137,500 (2011); mobile cellular: 350,100 (2011). Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 6, shortwave 0 (2004). Television broadcast stations: 1 (plus two cable channels) (2004). Internet hosts: 1,522 (2012). Internet users: 188,000 (2011).

Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 1,600 km; paved: 1,600 km (2012). Ports and harbors: Bridgetown. Airports: 1 (2011).

International disputes: in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration that will result in a binding award challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters and the southern limit of Barbadian traditional fishing; joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea

Major sources and definitions

Geography

An island in the Atlantic about 300 mi (483 km) north of Venezuela, Barbados is only 21 mi long (34 km) and 14 mi across (23 km) at its widest point. It is circled by fine beaches and narrow coastal plains. The highest point is Mount Hillaby (1,105 ft; 337 m) in the north-central area.

Government

Parliamentary democracy.

History

Barbados is thought to have been originally inhabited by Arawak Indians. By the time Europeans explored the island, however, it was uninhabited. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to set foot on the island, but it was the British who first established a colony there in 1627. Colonists first cultivated tobacco and cotton, but by the 1640s they had switched to sugar, which was enormously profitable. Slaves were brought in from Africa to work sugar plantations, and eventually the population was about 90% black. A slave revolt took place in 1816; slavery was abolished in the British Empire in 1834.

Barbados was the administrative headquarters of the Windward Islands until it became a separate colony in 1885. Barbados was a member of the Federation of the West Indies from 1958 to 1962. Britain granted the colony independence on Nov. 30, 1966, and it became a parliamentary democracy within the Commonwealth.

Since independence, Barbados has been politically stable. In May 2003, Prime Minister Arthur won a third term. In parliamentary elections in January 2008, the Democratic Labour Party won 20 out of 30 seats. Former junior finance minister David Thompson took over as prime minister.

Barbados Remains Politically Stable Despite Challenges from Third Parties

On October 23, 2010, Prime Minister David Thompson died of pancreatic cancer. Thompson was succeeded by his Deputy Prime Minister Freundel Stuart.

Since the country's independence, multiple third parties have formed. The National Democratic Party, the People's Democratic Congress, and the People's Pressure Movement all formed since the 1970s as third party options. They have contested various elections over the years. In addition, several independent candidates have contested past elections, but no independent has won a seat in Parliament.

On June 1, 2012, Sir Elliott Belgrave assumed office as the Governor General of Barbados. Following the retirement of Clifford Husbands, Belgrave was Acting Governor-General from November 1, 2011 until June 1, 2012. Previously, Belgrave served as Judge for the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal of Barbados.

See also Encyclopedia: Barbados.
U.S. State Dept. Country Notes: Barbados
Statistical Services www.bgis.gov.bb/stats/ .

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