Cape Verde

Map of Cape Verde President: Jorge Carlos Fonseca (2011) Prime Minister: José Maria Neves (2001) Total area: 1,556 sq mi (4,030 sq km) Population (2012 est.): 523,568 (growth rate: 1.43%); birth rate: 21.21/1000; infant mortality rate: 26.02/1000; life expectancy: 71; density per sq km: 105 Capital and largest city (2009 est.): Praia, 125,000 Other large city: Mindelo, 66,100 Monetary unit: Cape Verdean escudo National name: República de Cabo Verde Current government officials Languages: Portuguese, Criuolo Ethnicity/race: Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1% National Holiday: Independence Day, July 5 Religion: Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs), Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene) Literacy rate: 76.6% (2011 est.) Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2011 est.): $2.04 billion; per capita $4,000. Real growth rate: 5.6%. Inflation: 6.5%. Unemployment: 21% (2011 est.). Arable land: 10%. Agriculture: bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish. Labor force: 196,100 Industries: food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair. Natural resources: salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum. Exports: $108.5 million f.o.b. (2011 est.): fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides. Imports: $868.2 million f.o.b. (2011 est.): foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels. Major trading partners: Portugal, France, U.S., UK, Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Brazil (2004). Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 72,200 (2011); mobile cellular: 371,900 (2011). Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 15 (and 17 repeaters), shortwave 0 (2002). Television broadcast stations: 1 (and 7 repeaters) (2002). Internet hosts: 31 (2011). Internet users: 150,000 (2011). Transportation: Railways: total: 0 km. Highways: total: 1,350 km; paved: 932 km; unpaved: 418 km (2011). Waterways: none. Ports and harbors: Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal. Airports: 10; (2011 est.). International disputes: none. Major sources and definitions

Geography | Government | History

Geography

Cape Verde, only slightly larger than Rhode Island, is an archipelago in the Atlantic 385 mi (500 km) west of Senegal.

The islands are divided into two groups: Barlavento in the north, composed of Santo Antão (291 sq mi; 754 sq km), Boa Vista (240 sq mi; 622 sq km), São Nicolau (132 sq mi; 342 sq km), São Vicente (88 sq mi; 246 sq km), Sal (83 sq mi; 298 sq km), and Santa Luzia (13 sq mi; 34 sq km); and Sotavento in the south, consisting of São Tiago (383 sq mi; 992 sq km), Fogo (184 sq mi; 477 sq km), Maio (103 sq mi; 267 sq km), and Brava (25 sq mi; 65 sq km). The islands are mostly mountainous, with the land deeply scarred by erosion. There is an active volcano on Fogo.

Government

Republic.

History

Uninhabited on their discovery in 1456, the Cape Verde islands became part of the Portuguese empire in 1495. A majority of today's inhabitants are of mixed Portuguese and African ancestry.

Positioned on the great trade routes between Africa, Europe, and the New World, the islands became a prosperous center for the slave trade but suffered economic decline after the slave trade was abolished in 1876. In the 20th century, Cape Verde served as a shipping port.

In 1951, Cape Verde's status changed from a Portuguese colony to an overseas province, and in 1961 the inhabitants became full Portuguese citizens. An independence movement led by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau (another former Portuguese colony) and Cape Verde (PAIGC) was founded in 1956. Following the 1974 coup in Portugal, after which Portugal began abandoning its colonial empire, the islands became independent (July 5, 1975).

On Jan. 13, 1991, the first multiparty elections since independence resulted in the ruling African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) losing its majority to the Movement for Democracy Party (MPD). The MPD candidate, Antonio Monteiro, won the subsequent presidential election, and was easily reelected in 1996. In 2001, Pedro Pires became president.

Efforts at Modernization

In an effort to take advantage of its proximity to cross-Atlantic sea and air lanes, the government has embarked on a major expansion of its port and airport capacities. It is also modernizing its fish processing industry. These projects are being partly paid for by the EU and the World Bank, making Cape Verde one of the largest per-capita aid recipients in the world. Disenchantment with the government's privatization program, continued high unemployment, and widespread poverty helped defeat the MPD in elections held in Jan. 2001. The PAICV swept back into power and José Maria Neves became prime minister. In 2006, incumbent Pedro Pires was reelected president.

Fonseca Elected President

In 2011, Jorge Carlos Fonseca was elected president. A member of the Movement for Democracy party, Fonseca won the election in the second round, defeating Manuel Sousa. Fonseca became the fourth president since Cape Verde's independence.

See also Encyclopedia: Cape Verde
U.S. State Dept. Country Notes: Cape Verde
National Institute of Statistics (In Portugese Only) http://www.ine.cv/default.asp .

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