Samoa

Map of Samoa

Independent State of Samoa

Head of State: Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi (since 20 June 2007)

Prime Minister: Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi (1998)

Land area: 1,100 sq mi (2,849 sq km); total area: 1,137 sq mi (2,944 sq km)

Population (2012 est.): 194,320 (growth rate: 0.6%); birth rate: 22.1/1000; infant mortality rate: 21.85/1000; life expectancy: 72.66; density per sq mi: 163.7

Capital and largest city (2006 est.): Apia, 37,708

Monetary unit: Tala

Current government officials

Languages: Samoan, English

Ethnicity/race: Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%

Religion: Congregationalist 34.8%, Roman Catholic 19.6%, Methodist 15%, Latter-Day Saints 12.7%, Assembly of God 6.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.5%, other Christian 4.5%, Worship Centre 1.3%, other 1.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2001)

National Holiday: Flag Day, November 1

Literacy rate: 99.7% (2003 est.)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP $1.122 billion (2011 est.); per capita $6,000 (2011 est). Real growth rate: 2% (2009 est). Inflation: 4.3% (2007). Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 21%. Agriculture: coconuts, bananas, taro, yams, coffee, cocoa. Labor force: 66,270 (2007 est.). Industries: food processing, building materials, auto parts. Natural resources: hardwood forests, fish, hydropower. Exports: $35 million f.o.b. (2010): fish, coconut oil and cream, copra, taro, automotive parts, garments, beer. Imports: $280 million f.o.b. (2010): machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Australia, U.S., Indonesia, New Zealand, Fiji, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan (2004).

Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 35,300 (2009); mobile cellular: 167,400 (2009). Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2004). Radios: 174,849 (1997). Television broadcast stations: 4 (2009). Televisions: 8,634 (1999). Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 18,074 (2010). Internet users: 9,000 (2009).

Transportation: Railways: 0 km. Highways: total: 2,337 km; paved: 332 km; unpaved: 2,005 km (2004 est.). Ports and harbors: Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa. Airports: 4 (2012).

International disputes: none; note—some EEZ demarcations, including the one with American Samoa, are undefined.

Major sources and definitions

Geography

Samoa, formerly Western Samoa, is in the South Pacific Ocean about 2,200 mi (3,540 km) south of Hawaii. The larger islands in the Samoan chain, Upolu and Savai'i, are mountainous and of volcanic origin. There is little level land except in the coastal areas, where most cultivation takes place.

Government

Constitutional monarchy under a native chief.

History

Polynesians, possibly from Tonga, first settled in the Samoan islands about 1000 B.C. Samoa was explored by Dutch and French traders in the 18th century. Toward the end of the 19th century, conflicting interests of the U.S., Britain, and Germany resulted in an 1899 treaty that recognized the paramount interests of the U.S. in those islands west of 171°W (American Samoa) and Germany's interests in the other islands (Western Samoa).

New Zealand seized Western Samoa from Germany in 1914, and in 1946 it became a UN trust territory administered by New Zealand. A resistance movement to both German and New Zealand rule, known as the Mau (“strongly held view”) movement, helped to edge the islands toward independence on Jan. 1, 1962. A constitutional monarchy, Samoa has a legislative assembly whose members are from the matai, or titled class.

Barraged regularly by cyclones that have wreaked havoc on the country's primarily agrarian economy, Samoa has begun stepping up its tourism industry—not such a difficult undertaking in this archetypal South Pacific paradise.

A referendum in 1990 gave women the right to vote for the first time. In 1997, a new constitutional amendment changed the country's name to Samoa.

See also Encyclopedia: Samoa.
U.S. State Dept. Country Notes: Samoa

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Countries

San Marino