Broadcasting Timeline

1897

K.F. Braun invents the cathode-ray tube.

1906

Reginald Fessenden invents wireless telephony, a means for radio waves to carry signals a significant distance.

1912

The Radio Act of 1912 assigns three- and four-letter codes to radio stations and limits broadcasting to the 360m wavelength, which jams signals.

1920

KDKA, a Pittsburgh Westinghouse station, transmits the first commercial radio broadcast.

1922

Reacting to problems posed by the Radio Act of 1912, the Commerce Department allows powerful stations to use the 400m wavelength as long as they only broadcast live music.

1923

Russian immigrant Vladimir Kosma Zworykin patents the iconoscope, the first television transmission tube. He patents the first color tube in 1925.

A.C. Nielsen Company is founded and provides measurements of radio audiences for advertisers.

1925

Radio's The Smith Family introduces the soap opera format.

1926

RCA, General Electric and Westinghouse establish NBC, which operates two national radio networks.

1927

Philo Farnsworth transmits the first all-electronic television image.

1928

John Baird beams a television image from England to the United States.

GE introduces a television set with a 3" × 4" screen.

The first television is sold — a Daven for $75.

1929

CBS is founded by William S. Paley.

1930

Crossley Inc. tabulates the first formal radio ratings system.

1931

There are nearly 40,000 television sets in the United States; 9,000 of them are in New York City alone.

1933

Edwin Armstrong introduces Frequency Modulation (FM), a static-free method of transmission.

1934

The Communications Act of 1934 creates the Federal Communications Commission, which regulates broadcasting.

1936

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) debuts the world's first television service with three hours of programming a day.

1937

Edgar Bergen and his puppet Charlie McCarthy make their television debut on NBC.

1938

Orson Welles broadcasts his adaptation of H.G. Wells's War of the Worlds on October 30, creating a nationwide panic as listeners believe that aliens have landed in New Jersey.

Information Please quiz show debuts on radio.

1939

Robert Kane introduces the Batman cartoon.

1940

CBS demonstrates color television in New York.

WNBT, the first regularly operating television station, debuts in New York with an estimated 10,000 viewers.

It's a bird! It's a plane! It's Superman! The radio show debuts.

The first Bugs Bunny cartoon.

1943

Radio classic Amos 'n' Andy is canceled after 15 years and more than 4,000 consecutive shows.

1944

The first instance of network censorship occurs. The sound is cut off on the Eddie Cantor and Nora Martin duet, “We're Having a Baby, My Baby and Me.”

The DuMont network goes on the air. Paramount Pictures backs the start-up enterprise, but its lack of affiliated radio networks leads to its early demise in 1956.

1945

The orthicon tube, developed by RCA, improves light sensitivity a hundredfold.

The FCC creates the commercial broadcasting spectrum of 13 channels, and 130 applications for broadcast licenses follow.

1946

Faraway Hill, what many television historians consider to be the first network soap opera, debuts on the DuMont network.

1947

The Yankees beat the Dodgers in seven games in the first televised World Series.

Meet the Press debuts on NBC. The first news show will become television's longest-running program.

1949

The first Emmy Awards are handed out on January 25, with Pantomime Quiz Time earning top honor as the Most Popular Television Program.

Cable television brings better reception to rural areas where the conventional television signal is weak.

Milton Berle hosts the first telethon, which benefits cancer research.

These Are My Children, a live, 15-minute show, premieres on NBC. It is the first continuing daytime drama.

1950

Saturday morning children's programming begins.

Phonevision, the first pay-per-view service, becomes available.

1951

Color television introduced in the U.S.

For the first time, a nationwide program airs. Edward R. Murrow, in the first broadcast of his See It Now series, tells viewers, as he looks into the split-screen image of the Golden Gate and Brooklyn bridges, that they for the first time are able to see the Atlantic and Pacific oceans simultaneously.

1952

Leonard Nimoy appears in a science fiction series. (No, not that one.) In Zombies of the Stratosphere, Nimoy portrays the Martian Narab.

Television's first magazine-format program, the Today show, debuts on NBC with Dave Garroway hosting.

The Jackie Gleason Show (The Honeymooners) debuts on CBS, beginning a two-decade run.

1953

Loretta Young abandons Hollywood for her stylish debut on the small screen.

Lucille Ball gives birth to Desi Arnaz, Jr. on same day the fictional Little Ricky is born on I Love Lucy.

1954

The revenue for television broadcasters finally surpasses that of radio broadcasters. Gross revenue for television is $593 million.

NBC broadcasts the World Series in color for the first time.

The first watch is tested for durability on camera. And it is a Bulova, not a Timex. The timepiece is attached to a ball and hurled over Niagara Falls.

1955

Gunsmoke debuts on CBS, and will go on to be television's longest-running western.

1956

Gone With the Wind is broadcast on television for the first time. Fifty-two percent of television households watch.

The Wizard of Oz has its first airing on TV.

1957

Columbia University professor Charles Van Doren becomes a media sensation by winning $129,000 on the quiz show Twenty One.

Leave It to Beaver premieres on CBS, ushering in an era of television shows that depict the ideal American family.

1959

Rumors of cheating on quiz shows erupt into a national scandal.

1960

Seventy million people watch the presidential debate between Sen. John F. Kennedy and Vice President Richard Nixon.

Ninety percent of U.S. homes have a television set.

1962

The first transatlantic television transmission occurs via the Telestar Satellite, making worldwide television and cable networks a reality.

Johnny Carson takes over hosting duties of The Tonight Show.

1963

Viewers tuned into NBC witness Jack Ruby shoot Lee Harvey Oswald on camera — the first live telecast of a murder.

The French Chef with Julia Child debuts on educational television.

1964

Peyton Place premieres on ABC and is the first prime-time soap opera.

Color television makes its way into U.S. homes.

1965

ABC pays an unprecedented $32 million for a four-year contract with the NCAA to broadcast football games on Saturday afternoons.

Bill Cosby, starring in I Spy, becomes the first African American to headline a television show.

1966

The first Star Trek episode, “The Man Trap,” is broadcast on September 8. The plot concerns a creature that sucks salt from human bodies.

CBS backs out of plans to broadcast Psycho, deeming the movie too violent for at-home viewing.

1967

Congress creates PBS.

1968

60 Minutes airs on CBS, beginning its reign as the longest-running prime-time newsmagazine.

1969

Children's Television Workshop introduces Sesame Street.

1970

FCC regulations require separate ownership of television networks and studios.

Monday Night Football debuts on ABC, with Howard Cosell, Keith Jackson, and Don Meredith giving play-by-play.

1971

All in the Family debuts on CBS and introduces a trend in socially conscious programming.

1972

Time Inc. transmits HBO, the first pay cable network.

The National Institute of Mental Health and the surgeon general issue a report that claims exposure to violence on television fosters aggression in children.

M*A*S*H premieres on CBS.

1973

PBS airs the reality series An American Family, about the dysfunctional Loud family.

1975

ABC, CBS and NBC agree to create a “family hour,” an early evening time slot that is free of violence and sex.

Saturday Night Live premieres on NBC. George Carlin hosts the first show.

1976

NBC broadcasts Gone with the Wind and scores record-breaking ratings.

1977

The TV miniseries Roots draws an audience of 130 million.

1980

Ted Turner launches CNN, the first all-news network.

1981

The Supreme Court rules to allow television cameras in the courtroom.

1983

More than 125 million viewers tune in to the last episode of M*A*S*H.

1984

The Cosby Show debuts on NBC. The sitcom is widely considered the most popular show of the 1980s.

The Supreme Court rules that taping television shows at home on VCRs does not violate copyright law.

1986

Barry Diller, head of News Corp., creates Fox, the fourth television network. Fox offers 10 hours of prime-time programming a week.

The Television Bureau of Advertising announces that the average American household watches television for more than seven hours a day.

The Oprah Winfrey Show hits national television.

1987

thirtysomething debuts on ABC and departs from typical dramas, featuring analytical, self-absorbed baby-boomer characters.

1988

Ninety-eight percent of U.S. households have at least one television set.

Ted Turner starts Turner Network Television (TNT) and buys MGM's film library.

1989

America's beloved comedienne Lucille Ball dies at age 78.

1990

Ninety-nine percent of U.S. households have at least one radio, with the average owning five.

The Simpsons debuts on Fox and becomes an instant hit.

Seinfeld debuts on NBC.

1991

Fox Broadcasting is the first network to permit condom advertising on television.

1992

There are 900 million television sets in use around the world; 201 million are in the United States.

Johnny Carson hosts The Tonight Show for the last time. He had ruled late-night television for 20 years.

1994

ER and Friends debut on NBC, establishing NBC's dominance of the Thursday-night lineup.

1996

President Bill Clinton signs legislation that significantly deregulates telecommunications, creating almost limitless opportunities for broadcasters and cable companies.

Pressured by the Federal Communications Commission, television broadcasters agree to include three hours a week of educational children's programming into their schedule.

Broadcasters and television and PC manufacturers agree on a standard for HDTV (high-definition digital television).

1997

The controversial television ratings system debuts on cable stations and broadcast networks. The ratings, TV-Y, TV-G, TV-Y7, TV-PG, TV-14 and TV-M, appear for 15 seconds in the upper left-hand corner of the screen at the beginning of each show, except news and sports programs, which are not rated.

1998

An estimated 76 million viewers watch the last episode of Seinfeld.

NBC agrees to fork over $13 million an episode for the next three years for broadcast rights to the top-rated series ER. The total dollar figure, $850 million, eclipses any price ever paid for a television show.

1999

ER's Dr. Doug Ross bids a bitter farewell to Chicago's General Memorial Hospital. George Clooney played the maverick pediatrician since the show debuted in 1994.

2000

Reality TV mania hits the U.S. The phenomena begins with British import Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. ABC broadcasts the gameshow, with Regis Philbin hosting. The show runs as many as five times a week, and Philbin's monochrome wardrobe sparks a fad among men. Next to come is Survivor, which boasts out-sized ratings, out-sized egos, out-sized personalities, and out-sized conflicts. A series of knockoffs follow, including 2001's The Mole and Temptation Island.

2001

Reality TV continues to dominate the airwaves. For the first time in eight years, NBC's “Must-See” Thursday night lineup does not reign in the ratings. Survivor II: The Australian Outback consistently beats Friends.

Fact Monster/Information Please® Database, © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.