Symbol: Nb
Atomic Number: 41
Atomic Weight: 92.90638
Element Classification: Transition Metal
Discovered By: Charles Hatchet
Discovery Date: 1801 (England)
Name Origin: Niobe; daughter of the mythical Greek king Tantalus.
Density (g/cc): 8.57
Melting Point (K): 2741
Boiling Point (K): 5015
Appearance: Shiny white, soft, ductile metal
Atomic Radius (pm): 146
Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 10.8
Covalent Radius (pm): 134
Ionic Radius: 69 (+5e)
Specific Heat (@20°C J/g mol): 0.268
Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 26.8
Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 680
Thermal Conductivity (@25°C W/m K):
Debye Temperature (K): 275.00
Pauling Negativity Number: 1.6
First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 663.6
Oxidation States: 5, 3
Electronic Configuration: [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
Lattice Structure: Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)
Lattice Constant (Å): 3.300
Lattice C/A Ratio: n/a