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Binnig, Gerd
(Encyclopedia)Binnig, Gerd gĕrt bĭnˈĭkh [key], 1947–, German physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Frankfurt, 1978. At the IBM Research Laboratory in Zürich, Binnig and fellow researcher Heinrich Rohrer built the first ...Ruska, Ernst
(Encyclopedia)Ruska, Ernst, 1906–88, German electrical engineer. By applying the discovery that electron waves are 100,000 times shorter than those of light, Ruska built a microscope that used a beam of electrons...Rohrer, Heinrich
(Encyclopedia)Rohrer, Heinrich, 1933–2013, Swiss physicist, Ph.D. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1960. He joined IBM in 1963 and spent almost his entire career with the company, retiring in 1997. At the I...scanning tunneling microscope
(Encyclopedia)scanning tunneling microscope (STM), device for studying and imaging individual atoms on the surfaces of materials. The instrument was invented in the early 1980s by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, w...Müller, Gerd
(Encyclopedia)Müller, Gerd (Gerhard Müller) gĕrt mülˈər; gĕrˈhärt [key], 1945–, West German soccer player, nicknamed “Der Bomber,” b. Nordlingen. After playing with the TSV 1861 Nordlingen youth team...atomic force microscope
(Encyclopedia)atomic force microscope (AFM), device that uses a spring-mounted probe to image individual atoms on the surface of a material, first developed by Gerd Binnig in 1986. Unlike the scanning tunneling mic...Rundstedt, Karl Rudolf Gerd von
(Encyclopedia)Rundstedt, Karl Rudolf Gerd von kärl ro͞oˈdôlf gĕrt fən ro͝ontˈshtĕt [key], 1875–1953, German field marshal. He proved his exceptional abilities in World War I. In World War II he commanded...heartburn
(Encyclopedia)heartburn, burning sensation beneath the breastbone, also called pyrosis. Heartburn does not indicate heart malfunction but results from nervous tension or overindulgence in food or drink. The sensati...Normandy campaign
(Encyclopedia)Normandy campaign, June to Aug., 1944, in World War II. The Allied invasion of the European continent through Normandy began about 12:15 a.m. on June 6, 1944 (D-day). The plan, known as Operation Over...Nobel Prizes (table)
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