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Huygens, Christiaan

(Encyclopedia)Huygens, Christiaan krĭsˈtyän hoiˈgəns [key], 1629–95, Dutch mathematician and physicist; son of Constantijn Huygens. He improved telescopic lenses and discovered (1655) a satellite of Saturn a...

Ehrenfest, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Ehrenfest, Paul poul āˈrənfĕst [key], 1880–1933, Austrian physicist. In 1904, Ehrenfest received his doctorate in theoretical physics in Vienna and married the Russian mathematician Tatyana Alex...

Hägerstrom, Axel

(Encyclopedia)Hägerstrom, Axel äkˈsəl hägˈərstrôm [key], 1868–1939, Swedish philosopher. He was a student (1886–93) at Uppsala Univ. and taught there from 1893 until his retirement in 1933. The son of a...

Wilkins, Roy

(Encyclopedia)Wilkins, Roy, 1901–81, American social reformer and civil-rights leader, b. St. Louis, Mo.; grad. Univ. of Minnesota (B.A., 1923). While a student, Wilkins served as secretary of the local chapter o...

Shakers

(Encyclopedia)Shakers, popular name for members of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, also called the Millennial Church. Members of the movement, who received their name from the tremblin...

integrated circuit

(Encyclopedia)integrated circuit (IC), electronic circuit built on a semiconductor substrate, usually one of single-crystal silicon. The circuit, often called a chip, is packaged in a hermetically sealed case or a ...

Lerner, Abba Ptachya

(Encyclopedia)Lerner, Abba Ptachya äbˈə pətächˈyə lĕrˈnər, lûrˈnər [key], 1903–82, American economist, b. Romania. After studying at the London School of Economics in the 1930s, he collaborated with ...

Kobayashi, Makoto

(Encyclopedia)Kobayashi, Makoto, 1944–, Japanese physicist, Ph.D. Kyoto Univ., 1972. Kobayashi taught at Kyoto Univ. (1972–79) and the National Laboratory of High Energy Physics, Tsukuba, Japan (1979–97). He ...

Saigo, Takamori

(Encyclopedia)Saigo, Takamori täkäˈmōrē sīˈgō [key], 1828–77, Japanese soldier and statesman noted for his obstinate conservatism. He was an early opponent of the Tokugawa shogunate. He was exiled (1859�...

Tehran Conference

(Encyclopedia)Tehran Conference, Nov. 28–Dec. 1, 1943, meeting of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Premier Joseph Stalin at Tehran, Iran. The conference was held to stren...