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Xenophon

(Encyclopedia)Xenophon zĕnˈəfən [key], c.430 b.c.–c.355 b.c., Greek historian, b. Athens. He was one of the well-to-do young disciples of Socrates before leaving Athens to join the Greek force (the Ten Thousa...

hoplite

(Encyclopedia)hoplite hŏpˈlīt [key], heavy infantry soldier in the armies of classical Greece. Hoplites were usually protected by helmets, cuirasses, and leg armor. They carried large shields, javelins, heavy sw...

Peripatetics

(Encyclopedia)Peripatetics pĕrˌəpətĕtˈĭks [key] [Gr.,=walking about; from Aristotle's manner in teaching], the followers of Aristotle. Theophrastus, friend of Aristotle and cofounder with him of the Peripate...

Lyceum, gymnasium near ancient Athens

(Encyclopedia)Lyceum līsēˈəm [key], gymnasium near ancient Athens. There Aristotle taught; hence the extension of the term lyceum to Aristotle's school of philosophers, the Peripatetics. ...

Cynics

(Encyclopedia)Cynics sĭnˈĭks [key] [Gr.,=doglike, probably from their manners and their meeting place, the Cynosarges, an academy for Athenian youths], ancient school of philosophy founded c.440 b.c. by Antisthe...

Delium

(Encyclopedia)Delium dēˈlēəm [key], town of ancient Greece, a port in E Boeotia, named for its temple of Apollo similar to the one at Delos. In the Peloponnesian War the Athenians were defeated (424 b.c.) by th...

Constitution of Athens

(Encyclopedia)Constitution of Athens, treatise by Aristotle or a member of his school, written in the late 4th cent. b.c. It was lost until discovered on Egyptian papyrus in 1890. It is a history of the Athenian go...

Alexander of Aphrodisias

(Encyclopedia)Alexander of Aphrodisias ăfrōdĭshˈēəs [key], fl. a.d. 200, Greek Peripatetic philosopher. A celebrated ancient commentator on Aristotle, he was often called the Exegete. Among his extant writing...

logic

(Encyclopedia)logic, the systematic study of valid inference. A distinction is drawn between logical validity and truth. Validity merely refers to formal properties of the process of inference. Thus, a conclusion w...

Callisthenes

(Encyclopedia)Callisthenes kəlĭsˈthənēz [key], c.360–c.327 b.c., Greek historian of Olynthus; nephew of Aristotle. He accompanied Alexander the Great into Asia as the historian of the expedition. At first he...