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Mahmud II

(Encyclopedia)Mahmud II, 1784–1839, Ottoman sultan (1808–39), younger son of Abd al-Hamid I. He was raised to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) upon the deposition of his brother, Mustafa IV, and contin...

Wafd

(Encyclopedia)Wafd wŏft [key], in modern Egyptian history, a political party. It arose out of the delegation [Arabic wafd=delegation] headed by Zaghlul Pasha that was to have visited Great Britain in 1918 to urge ...

Mariette, Auguste Édouard

(Encyclopedia)Mariette, Auguste Édouard ōgüstˈ ādwärˈ märyĕtˈ [key], 1821–81, French Egyptologist. On a visit (1850–54) to Egypt to collect Coptic manuscripts for the Louvre, he excavated (1851) the r...

Kalamata

(Encyclopedia)Kalamata käläˈmā [key], city (1991 pop. 44,052), capital of Messinia prefecture, S Greece, in the Peloponnesus; a port on the Gulf of Messinia. It is an agricultural trade center and ships olive o...

Tiranë

(Encyclopedia)Tiranë tēräˈnä [key], city (1989 pop. 238,057), capital of Albania and of Tiranë dist., central Albania, on the Ishm River. It is the largest city and the chief industrial and cultural center of...

Ismailia

(Encyclopedia)Ismailia äl ĭsmăĭlēˈyə [key], city (1986 est. pop. 212,759), capital of Ismailia governorate, NE Egypt. It is the seat of the Suez Canal administration. Extensive irrigation is used for growing...

Vidin

(Encyclopedia)Vidin vēˈdĭn [key], city (1993 pop. 64,029), extreme NW Bulgaria, a port on the Danube River. The city is a market for the outlying farms and is known for its wine and ceramics. It is linked to Cal...

Ioánnina

(Encyclopedia)Ioánnina yôäˈnēnä [key], city, capital of Ioánnina prefecture, NW Greece, in Epirus, o...

Banja Luka

(Encyclopedia)Banja Luka bänˈyä lo͞oˈkä [key], city in NE Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the Vrbas River. The capital ...

Epirus

(Encyclopedia)Epirus ĕpīˈrəs [key], ancient country of Greece, on the Ionian Sea and W of Macedon and Thessaly, a region now occupied by NW Greece and S Albania. At the time of Homer, Epirus was known as the ho...