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Schwyz

(Encyclopedia)Schwyz shvēts [key], canton (1993 pop. 116,100), 351 sq mi (909 sq km), central Switzerland, one of the Four Forest Cantons. Bordering on the Lake of Zürich in the north and the Lake of Lucerne in t...

Defregger, Franz von

(Encyclopedia)Defregger, Franz von fränts fən dāˈfrĕgər [key], 1835–1921, Austrian genre and historical painter. He studied in Munich with Piloty. He is known for his popular pictures of Tyrolean life, whic...

Wien, Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia)Wien, Wilhelm vĭlˈhĕlm vēn [key], 1864–1928, German physicist. He was professor at the universities of Giessen (1899), Würzburg (1900–1920), and Munich (from 1920). He received the 1911 Nobel...

Cachin, Marcel

(Encyclopedia)Cachin, Marcel märsĕlˈ käshăNˈ [key], 1869–1958, French Communist leader. An early leader of the Socialist party, he was instrumental in bringing many Socialists into the first French Communis...

Schober, Johann

(Encyclopedia)Schober, Johann yōˈhän shōˈbər [key], 1874–1932, Austrian chancellor (1921–22, 1929–30). A respected career civil servant, he held the key post of head of the Vienna police after July, 191...

Gabrilowitsch, Ossip

(Encyclopedia)Gabrilowitsch, Ossip ôˈsĭp gäbrĭlôˈvĭch [key], 1878–1936, Russian-American pianist and conductor; pupil of Anton Rubinstein at the St. Petersburg Conservatory and of Leschetizky. His debut w...

Busch, Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia)Busch, Wilhelm, 1832–1908, German cartoonist, painter, and poet. After studying at the academies of Antwerp, Düsseldorf, and Munich, he joined the staff of the Fliegende Blätter, to which he contr...

Spitzweg, Carl

(Encyclopedia)Spitzweg, Carl kärl shpĭtsˈvĕk [key], 1808–85, German genre painter and draftsman. Self-taught, he depicted the daily life of his native Munich in small, charming pictures in which realism, fanc...

Pettenkofer, Max von

(Encyclopedia)Pettenkofer, Max von mäks fən pĕtˈənkōˌfər [key], 1818–1901, German chemist and hygienist. He studied medicine at Munich. Pettenkofer is considered a founder of epidemiology and is known for...

Finnish-Russian War

(Encyclopedia)Finnish-Russian War, 1939–40, war between Finland and the Soviet Union. After World War II broke out in Sept., 1939, the USSR, never on cordial terms with Finland, took advantage of its nonaggressio...