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Grouchy, Emmanuel, marquis de

(Encyclopedia)Grouchy, Emmanuel, marquis de ĕmänüĕlˈ märkēˈ də gro͞oshēˈ [key], 1766–1847, French general in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. He was made a marshal after Napoleon's return...

Wrede, Karl Philipp von

(Encyclopedia)Wrede, Karl Philipp von kärl fēˈlĭp fən vrāˈdə [key], 1767–1838, Bavarian general. He helped reorganize the Bavarian army, commanded part of the Bavarian troops fighting with the French agai...

Barthélemy, Auguste Marseille

(Encyclopedia)Barthélemy, Auguste Marseille ōgüstˈ märsāˈyə bärtālmēˈ [key], 1796–1867, French poet. With his friend Joseph Méry he wrote several brilliant and popular political satires, including La...

Saint-Arnaud, Armand Jacques Leroy de

(Encyclopedia)Saint-Arnaud, Armand Jacques Leroy de ärmäNˈ zhäk lərwäˈ də săNtärnōˈ [key], 1798?–1854, marshal of France. After serving in the French Foreign Legion in Algeria from 1837, he was one of...

Ollivier, Émile

(Encyclopedia)Ollivier, Émile āmēlˈ ôlēvyāˈ [key], 1825–1913, French statesman, a leading figure in the “Liberal Empire” of Napoleon III. Widely known as a brilliant lawyer, he was elected to the legi...

Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste

(Encyclopedia)Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste älĕksäNˈdrə ôgüstˈ lədrüˈ-rôlăNˈ [key], 1807–74, French politician. A lawyer, he first became known as a radical opponent to the accession (1830) of Lou...

Leoben

(Encyclopedia)Leoben lāōˈbən [key], city (1991 pop. 28,897), Styria prov., S central Austria, on the Mur River. An industrial center in a former mining region, it has large ironworks, lumber mills, a mining sch...

Maximilian, 1832–67, emperor of Mexico

(Encyclopedia)Maximilian, 1832–67, emperor of Mexico (1864–67). As the Austrian archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, he was denied a share in the imperial government by his reactionary brother, Emperor Francis Joseph...

Cadoudal, Georges

(Encyclopedia)Cadoudal, Georges zhôrzh kädo͞odälˈ [key], 1771–1804, French royalist conspirator. A commander of the Chouans, he led the counterrevolutionists in the Vendée. He fled to England in 1801 after ...

Pozzo di Borgo, Carlo Andrea

(Encyclopedia)Pozzo di Borgo, Carlo Andrea kärˈlō ändrĕˈä pôtˈtsō dē bôrˈgō [key], 1764–1842. Corsican politician and diplomat in Russian service, b. Corsica. In the French Revolution, he allied wit...