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Woodin, William Hartman

(Encyclopedia)Woodin, William Hartman wo͝odˈən [key], 1868–1934, American cabinet officer, b. Berwick, Pa. After studying engineering at Columbia, he entered (1892) the railroad-equipment firm founded by his g...

Bourgeois, Léon

(Encyclopedia)Bourgeois, Léon lāôNˈ bo͞orzhwäˈ [key], 1851–1925, French statesman and social philosopher. He held cabinet posts, notably the premiership (1895–96) and was a delegate to the first and seco...

War Department, United States

(Encyclopedia)War Department, United States, federal executive department organized (1789) to administer the military establishment. It was reconstituted (1947) as the Dept. of the Army when the military administra...

Montero Ríos, Eugenio

(Encyclopedia)Montero Ríos, Eugenio āo͞ohāˈnyō mōntāˈrō rēˈōs [key], 1832–1914, Spanish statesman and jurist. He was professor of canon law at the universities of Oviedo, Santiago, and Madrid. He ent...

Mineta, Norman Yoshio

(Encyclopedia)Mineta, Norman Yoshio, 1931–2022, American government official, the first Asian American to be appointed to a cabinet post, b. San Jose, Calif. Of Jap...

Harris, Patricia Roberts

(Encyclopedia)Harris, Patricia Roberts, 1924–85, U.S. government official, b. Mattoon, Ill. A lawyer who was active in the Democratic party, she was a law professor and dean at Howard Univ. during the 1960s and b...

Freycinet, Charles de

(Encyclopedia)Freycinet, Charles de shärl də frāsēnāˈ [key], 1828–1923, French statesman. A mining engineer, he helped Léon Gambetta organize resistance to the Germans during the Franco-Prussian War (1870�...

Guesde, Jules

(Encyclopedia)Guesde, Jules zhül gĕd [key], 1845–1922, French socialist, whose original name was Basile. Exiled for his support of the Paris commune, he became a confirmed Marxist after 1876 and, with Paul Lafa...

Hugenberg, Alfred

(Encyclopedia)Hugenberg, Alfred älˈfrĕt ho͞oˈgənbĕrkh [key], 1865–1951, German financier and politician. He was president of the directorate of the Krupp firm (1909–18), entered the Reichstag in 1919, an...

Hughes, William Morris

(Encyclopedia)Hughes, William Morris, 1862–1952, Australian statesman, b. England. He emigrated in 1884 and after a varied career entered the New South Wales legislature (1894) and, with confederation, the first ...