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Schäffle, Albert

(Encyclopedia)Schäffle, Albert älˈbĕrt shĕfˈlə [key], 1831–1903, German economist and sociologist. He taught economics at the universities of Tübingen and Vienna. His views were based partly on the ideali...

Barnett, Samuel Augustus

(Encyclopedia)Barnett, Samuel Augustus bärˈnĕt [key], 1844–1913, English clergyman and social worker. As vicar of St. Jude's, Whitechapel, in the slums of London, he pioneered in the social settlement movement...

Pigou, Arthur Cecil

(Encyclopedia)Pigou, Arthur Cecil pĭˈgo͞o [key], 1877–1959, British economist, grad. King's College, Cambridge. He was a lecturer at University College, London, and at Cambridge. He was professor of political ...

Socialist parties

(Encyclopedia)Socialist parties in European history, political organizations formed in European countries to achieve the goals of socialism. The French Socialist party, known as the SFIO from its official name ...

corporative state

(Encyclopedia)corporative state, economic system inaugurated by the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini in Italy. It was adapted in modified form under other European dictatorships, among them Adolf Hitler's Nationa...

Mengistu Haile Mariam

(Encyclopedia)Mengistu Haile Mariam mĕnggīsˈto͞o hīˈlē märˈēəm [key], 1937–, military ruler of Ethiopia (1974–91). Mengistu, an army officer, participated prominently in Emperor Haile Selassie's over...

socialist realism

(Encyclopedia)socialist realism, Soviet artistic and literary doctrine. The role of literature and art in Soviet society was redefined in 1932 when the newly created Union of Soviet Writers proclaimed socialist rea...

Schumpeter, Joseph Alois

(Encyclopedia)Schumpeter, Joseph Alois yōˈzĕf äˈlōēs sho͝omˈpāˌtər [key], 1883–1950, Austrian-American economist, LL.D. Univ. of Vienna, 1906. He began practicing law but turned to teaching two years ...

Ball, John

(Encyclopedia)Ball, John, d. 1381, English priest and social reformer. He was one of the instigators of the Peasant's Revolt of 1381 (see under Tyler, Wat). He was an itinerant for many years, acting independently ...

Qaddafi, Muammar al-

(Encyclopedia)Qaddafi, Muammar al- mo͞oäm-märˈ äl-käd-däˈfē [key], 1942–2011, Libyan army officer and dictator. He graduated from the Univ. of Libya in 1963 and became an army officer in 1965. In 1969 he...