Byzantine Empire:

The classic, though biased, work on Byzantine history is Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. More recent standard works are those of J. B. Bury, C. Diehl, A. A. Vasil'ev, G. Ostrogorsky, and N. H. Baynes. See also studies by J. M. Hussey (1967, 1986), R. J. H. Jenkins (1967), D. Obolensky (1971), S. Runciman (1971, 1977), M. Angold (1985), J. Herrin (1987, 2008), J. J. Norwich (1995), M. Whittow (1996), and E. N. Luttwak (2009).

Sections in this article:

• Introduction
• Early Centuries
• Revival and Hellenization
• A Truly Eastern State
• The Ebb of Power
• Bibliography

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