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Remarque, Erich Maria

(Encyclopedia)Remarque, Erich Maria ´rkh mär´ä rmärk´ [key], 1898–1970, German-American novelist, whose original name was Erich Paul Remark. From his experience of trench warfare during World War I,...

Raeder, Erich

(Encyclopedia)Raeder, Erich ´rkh r´dr [key], 1876–1960, German admiral. As chief of staff to Admiral Franz von Hipper in World War I, he took part in the battles of Dogger Bank (1915) and Jutland (1916)...

Heckel, Erich

(Encyclopedia)Heckel, Erich ´rkh hk´l [key], 1883–1970, German painter. In 1905, Heckel, together with Kirchner and Schmidt-Rottluff, founded the Brücke in Dresden. His paintings of this period (e.g., ...

Leinsdorf, Erich

(Encyclopedia)Leinsdorf, Erich r´kh lz´dôrf, lnts´– [key], 1912–93, American conductor, b. Vienna. Leinsdorf studied at the Vienna state academy of music and in 1934 began his conducting career, ser...

Auerbach, Erich

(Encyclopedia)Auerbach, Erich, 1892–1957, German-American philologist, literary scholar, and critic, b. Berlin, Ph.D. Univ. of Greifswald, 1921. He is known primarily for Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in...

Ludendorff, Erich

(Encyclopedia)Ludendorff, Erich ´rkh loo´dndôrf [key], 1865–1937, German general. A disciple of Schlieffen, he served in World War I as chief of staff to Field Marshal Hindenburg and was largely respon...

Honecker, Erich

(Encyclopedia)Honecker, Erich ´rkh hôn´kr [key], 1912–94, East German political leader. From a Communist family, Honecker was imprisoned by the Nazis for 10 years for party activities. After the war he...

Mendelsohn, Erich

(Encyclopedia)Mendelsohn, Erich ´rkh mn´dlzn [key], 1887–1953, German architect, pioneer of expressionism. He is best known for his exuberant, sculptural design for the Einstein Tower in Potsdam (1919...

Fromm, Erich

(Encyclopedia)Fromm, Erich r´kh frm, frm [key], 1900–1980, psychoanalyst and author, b. Frankfurt, Germany, Ph.D. Univ. of Heidelberg, 1922. From 1929 to 1932 he lectured at the Psychoanalytic Institute,...

Maria I

(Encyclopedia)Maria I, 1734–1816, queen of Portugal (1777–1816), daughter of Joseph I. She was married (1760) to her uncle, who assumed joint rule with her as Peter III. Neither of them was much interested in a...