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Smuts, Jan Christiaan

(Encyclopedia)Smuts, Jan Christiaan yän krs´tyän smts [key], 1870–1950, South African statesman and soldier, b. Cape Colony. Of Boer (Afrikaner) stock but a British subject by birth, he was educated at Vic...

Botha, Louis

(Encyclopedia)Botha, Louis b´t [key], 1862–1919, South African soldier and statesman. A Boer (Afrikaner), he participated in the founding (1884) of the New Republic, which joined (1888) the Transvaal. Althou...

Huygens, Christiaan

(Encyclopedia)Huygens, Christiaan krs´tyän hoi´gns [key], 1629–95, Dutch mathematician and physicist; son of Constantijn Huygens. He improved telescopic lenses and discovered (1655) a satellite of Saturn a...

Eijkman, Christiaan

(Encyclopedia)Eijkman, Christiaan krs´tyän k´män [key], 1858–1930, Dutch physician. He was head of the Pathological Institute of Batavia and later (1898–1928) professor of hygiene at the Univ. of Utrech...

Barnard, Christiaan Neethling

(Encyclopedia)Barnard, Christiaan Neethling krs´tän n´ng bär´nrd [key], 1922–2001, South African surgeon. The son of a Dutch Reformed minister, Barnard studied medicine at the Univ. of Cape To...

Millin, Sarah Gertrude (Liebson)

(Encyclopedia)Millin, Sarah Gertrude (Liebson), 1889–1968, South African writer. The first of her novels about colonial and racial problems in South Africa is Dark River (1920). Later novels include God's Stepchi...

smut

(Encyclopedia)smut, name for an order of parasitic fungi (Ustilaginales) and the various diseases of plants caused by them. Smuts produce sootlike masses of spores on the host. The spore masses may break up into a ...

Wijnants, Jan

(Encyclopedia)Wijnants, Jan: see Wynants, Jan.

Vermeer, Jan

(Encyclopedia)Vermeer, Jan or Johannes vrmr´, Dutch yän vrmr´, yhän´s [key], 1632–75, Dutch genre and landscape painter. He was born in Delft, where he spent his entire life. He was also known as...

Neruda, Jan

(Encyclopedia)Neruda, Jan yän n´roodä [key], 1834–91, Czech essayist and poet, b. Prague. His popular Stories from Malá Strana (1878), tales drawn from his childhood in Prague and satiric portraits of mem...