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Smuts, Jan Christiaan

(Encyclopedia)Smuts, Jan Christiaan yän krĭsˈtyän smŭts [key], 1870–1950, South African statesman and soldier, b. Cape Colony. Of Boer (Afrikaner) stock but a British subject by birth, he was educated at Vic...

Eijkman, Christiaan

(Encyclopedia)Eijkman, Christiaan krĭsˈtyän īkˈmän [key], 1858–1930, Dutch physician. He was head of the Pathological Institute of Batavia and later (1898–1928) professor of hygiene at the Univ. of Utrech...

Huygens, Christiaan

(Encyclopedia)Huygens, Christiaan krĭsˈtyän hoiˈgəns [key], 1629–95, Dutch mathematician and physicist; son of Constantijn Huygens. He improved telescopic lenses and discovered (1655) a satellite of Saturn a...

Barnard, Christiaan Neethling

(Encyclopedia)Barnard, Christiaan Neethling krĭsˈtēänˌ nāˈᵺĭng bärˈnərd [key], 1922–2001, South African surgeon. The son of a Dutch Reformed minister, Barnard studied medicine at the Univ. of Cape To...

Botha, Louis

(Encyclopedia)Botha, Louis bōˈtə [key], 1862–1919, South African soldier and statesman. A Boer (Afrikaner), he participated in the founding (1884) of the New Republic, which joined (1888) the Transvaal. Althou...

Gossaert, Jan

(Encyclopedia)Gossaert, Jan: see Gossart, Jan. ...

Wijnants, Jan

(Encyclopedia)Wijnants, Jan: see Wynants, Jan.

Jan Mayen

(Encyclopedia)Jan Mayen yän mīˈən [key], island, c.145 sq mi (380 sq km), in the Arctic Ocean, c.300 mi (480 km) E of Scoresby Sound, E Greenland. It was annexed by Norway in 1929. The island is barren tundra l...

Štursa, Jan

(Encyclopedia)Štursa, Jan yän shto͝orˈsä [key], 1880–1925, Czech sculptor. His early work shows the influence of Rodin. Among his works are The Melancholy Girl, Primavera, Eve, and a monument to Hana Kvapilo...

Ingenhousz, Jan

(Encyclopedia)Ingenhousz, Jan yän ĭngˈənhous [key], 1730–99, Dutch scientist. He practiced medicine in Holland, England, and Vienna and was noted for his skillful inoculations against smallpox. He demonstrate...