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Descartes, René

(Encyclopedia)Descartes, René rn´ dkärt´ [key], Lat. Renatus Cartesius, 1596–1650, French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist, b. La Haye. Descartes' methodology was a major influence in the trans...

Rulers of France since 987

(Encyclopedia)Rulers of France since 987(including dates of reign)The CapetiansHugh Capet, 987–96Robert II (the Pious), son of Hugh Capet, 996–1031Henry I, son of Robert II, 1031–60Philip I, son of Henry I, 1...

Nobel Prizes

(Encyclopedia)Nobel PrizesYearPeaceChemistryPhysicsPhysiology or MedicineLiterature1901J. H. DunantFrédéric PassyJ. H. van't HoffW. C. RoentgenE. A. von BehringR. F. A. Sully-Prudhomme1902Élie DucommunC. A. Goba...

Edelinck, Gérard

(Encyclopedia)Edelinck, Gérard zhrär´ dlNk´ [key], 1640–1707, French engraver, b. Antwerp. He is known for his faithful interpretations of the work of Raphael, Le Brun, Champaigne, and other masters a...

Châtellerault

(Encyclopedia)Châtellerault shätlr´ [key], town (1990 pop. 35,691), Vienne dept., W central France. It is an industrial center where armaments, cutlery, aeronautical equipment, rubber products, and clothing ...

belief

(Encyclopedia)belief, in philosophy, commitment to something, involving intellectual assent. Philosophers have disagreed as to whether belief is active or passive; René Descartes held that it is a matter of will, ...

Pajou, Augustin

(Encyclopedia)Pajou, Augustin güstN´ päzhoo´ [key], 1730–1809, French sculptor. He won the Prix de Rome at the age of 18 and began a long career of royal commissions. He is noted for the elegance of his...

Flèche, La

(Encyclopedia)Flèche, La lä flsh [key], town (1990 pop. 16,581), Sarthe dept., on the Loir River. The town has a few light industries. It is famous for its college, the Prytanée, founded by Henry IV in the 16t...

innate ideas

(Encyclopedia)innate ideas, in philosophy, concepts present in the mind at birth as opposed to concepts arrived at through experience. The theory has been advanced at various times in the history of philosophy to s...

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