SultansMustafa II (1695–1703)Ahmed III (1703–1730)Mahmud I (1730–1754)Osman III (1754–1757)Mustafa III (1757–1774)Abdülhamit I (1774–1789)Selim III (1789–1807)Mustafa IV (1807–1808)Mahmut II (1808–…
(Encyclopedia) Atatürk, KemalAtatürk, Kemalkĕmälˈ ätätürkˈ [key], 1881–1938, Turkish leader, founder of modern Turkey. He took the name in 1934 in place of his earlier name, Mustafa Kemal, when he…
Each April 23, Turkey celebrates Çocuk Bayrami, or Children’s Day. Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk declared the holiday in 1920, as Turkey was becoming an independent nation after the fall of…
(Encyclopedia) Mustafa IMustafa Im&oobreve;stäfäˈ [key], 1591–1639?, Ottoman sultan (1617–18, 1622–23), brother and successor of Ahmed I to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). Set aside…
(Encyclopedia) Mustafa or Kara MustafaKara Mustafakäräˈ [key]Kara Mustafa m&oobreve;stäfäˈ [key] [Turk. kara=black], d. 1683, Turkish grand vizier (chief executive officer) under Sultan Muhammad…
(Encyclopedia) Kemal, Yaşar or Yashar, 1923–2015, Turkish novelist, b. Kemal Sadik Gögçeli. His rural childhood was marked by poverty and trauma; at a mosque at age five he witnessed his father's…
(Encyclopedia) Inönü, IsmetInönü, Ismetĭsmĕtˈ ēnönüˈ [key], 1884–1973, Turkish statesman and soldier, president of Turkey (1938–50). He served in the Balkan Wars and World War I and became (1920)…
(Encyclopedia) Mustafa II, 1664–1703, Ottoman sultan (1695–1703), nephew and successor of Ahmed II. The grand vizier (chief executive officer) of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Husayn Köprülü,…
