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Mustafa III

(Encyclopedia) Mustafa III, 1717–73, Ottoman sultan (1757–73), son of Ahmed III. He succeeded his cousin Osman III to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). The chief event of his reign was the…

Indian literature

(Encyclopedia) Indian literature. Oral literature in the vernacular languages of India is of great antiquity, but it was not until about the 16th cent. that an extensive written literature appeared.…

Boumedienne, Houari

(Encyclopedia) Boumedienne, HouariBoumedienne, Houarih&oomacr;ärˈē b&oomacr;mĕdēĕnˈ [key], 1932?–78, president and prime minister of Algeria (1965–78). While studying in Cairo during the…

Giri, Varahagiri Venkata

(Encyclopedia) Giri, Varahagiri VenkataGiri, Varahagiri Venkatavərähäˈgərē vĕnˈkətä gēˈrē [key], 1894–1980, president of India (1969–74). He earned a law degree in Ireland, where he practiced law.…

Abd al-Aziz IV

(Encyclopedia) Abd al-Aziz IV, 1880–1943, sultan of Morocco (1894–1908), son of Hassan. His weak control was evident after the death (c.1900) of the regent Ba Ahmed. His submissiveness to foreign…

Modern Egypt: Rulers

Baybars I, Mamluk sultan (1260–77) of Egypt and SyriaMuhammad Ali, pasha of Egypt after 1805Ismail Pasha, ruler of Egypt (1863–79)Tewfik Pasha (Muhammad Tewfik), khedive of Egypt (1879–92)Abbas II…

Abu Zubaydah

Al-Qaeda leaderBorn: 1973Birthplace: Saudi Arabia Zayn al-Abidin Muhammed Husayn Abu Zubaydah is a Palestinian long believed to be one of Osama bin Laden's top lieutenants. Experts think Abu…