Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to the “Great War” between the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey) and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France, Russia,…
(Encyclopedia) Cohn, FerdinandCohn, Ferdinandfĕrˈdĕnänt kōn [key], 1828–98, German botanist. He is considered a founder of the science of bacteriology. From his early studies of microscopic life he…
(Encyclopedia) Hodler, FerdinandHodler, Ferdinandhōdˈlər [key], 1853–1918, Swiss painter and lithographer. Known for his emotion-laden portraits and landscapes, he is particularly beloved in his…
(Encyclopedia) Freiligrath, FerdinandFreiligrath, Ferdinandfĕrˈdēnänt frīˈlĭkhrät [key], 1810–76, German poet. In 1844 he expressed radically liberal sentiments in his collection of political verse…
(Encyclopedia) Gregorovius, FerdinandGregorovius, Ferdinandgrĕgərōˈvēəs, Ger. fĕrˈdēnänt grāˌgōrōˈvē&oobreve;s [key], 1821–91, German historian. He spent many years in Rome, where he produced his…
(Encyclopedia) Foch, FerdinandFoch, FerdinandfĕrdēnäNˈ fôsh [key], 1851–1929, marshal of France. A professor at the École de Guerre, he later served (1908–11) as director of that institute. In World…
(Encyclopedia) Magellan, FerdinandMagellan, Ferdinandməjelˈən [key], Port. Fernão de Magalhães, Span. Fernando de Magallanes, c.1480–1521, Portuguese navigator who sailed for Portugal and Spain. Born…
(Encyclopedia) Lassalle, FerdinandLassalle, Ferdinandfĕrˈdēnänt läsälˈ [key], 1825–64, German socialist. The son of a Jewish merchant, he studied at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, where he…
(Encyclopedia) Brunetière, FerdinandBrunetière, FerdinandfĕrdēnäNˈ brünətyĕrˈ [key], 1849–1906, French literary critic. An opponent of naturalism, he believed that literature should reflect a moral…
(Encyclopedia) Tönnies, FerdinandTönnies, Ferdinandfĕrˈdēnänt tönˈyəs [key], 1855–1936, German sociologist and political scientist. He is noted for his analysis of the distinction between the older…
