(Encyclopedia) Thirty Years War, 1618–48, general European war fought mainly in Germany.
The general results of the war may be said to have been a tremendous decrease in German population;…
(Encyclopedia) Alfonso XI, 1311–50, Spanish king of Castile and León (1312–50), son and successor of Ferdinand IV. His vigorous campaign against Granada provoked an invasion by the Moors from Morocco…
(Encyclopedia) Álvarez, José (José Álvarez de Pereira y Cubero)Álvarez, Joséhōsāˈ älˈvärĕth dā pārāˈrä ē k&oomacr;bāˈrō [key], 1768–1827, Spanish neoclassical sculptor. He was a follower of…
(Encyclopedia) Flémal, BertholetFlémal, Bertholetbĕrtōlĕˈ flāmälˈ [key], 1614–75, Flemish painter of mythological and religious subjects. He went to Italy in 1638 and worked in Florence for the Grand…
(Encyclopedia) Oncken, HermannOncken, Hermannhĕrˈmän ôngˈkən [key], 1869–1946, German historian. He taught at the universities of Heidelberg, Munich, Chicago, and (1928–35) Berlin. He was forced to…
(Encyclopedia) Leopold II, 1797–1870, grand duke of Tuscany (1824–59). Liberally inclined at first, he granted some reforms and undertook public works. In 1848 he approved a constitution and joined…
(Encyclopedia) Wrangell Mountains, S Alaska, extending c.100 mi (160 km) SE from the Copper River to the Canadian border, where they meet the St. Elias Mts. Mt. Blackburn (16,523 ft/5,036 m) is the…
(Encyclopedia) Piloty, Karl vonPiloty, Karl vonkärl fən pēlōˈtē [key], 1826–86, German historical painter; son of Ferdinand Piloty (1786–1844), a noted German lithographer. Karl first won recognition…
(Encyclopedia) Verona, Congress of, 1822, at Verona, Italy, the last European conference held under the provisions of the Quadruple Alliance of 1814. The main problem discussed was the revolution in…
