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Francisco Menendez

military leader and former slaveBirthplace: Mandingo, Africa Born in Africa, Francisco Menendez was brought to America as a slave in the early 1700s. He escaped and fled from the British…

Hiram Revels

Senator from Mississippi; first African American senatorBorn: September 27, 1827Birthplace: Fayetteville, N.C. Born a free Black man, Revels worked as a barber and as a minister in the African…

bell hooks

Name at birth: Gloria Jean WatkinsDr. bell hooks (who spelled her name without capitals) was one of the most widely published black feminist scholars in the United States. An outspoken cultural…

Isaac Hayes

The "Black Moses" of American R&B music, Isaac Hayes was known best for his Oscar-winning 1971 hit, "Theme from Shaft." As a session musician, arranger and producer for Stax Records in the 1960s…

Thurgood Marshall

Attorney Thurgood Marshall led the civil rights case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka to a successful hearing at the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954. 13 years later, he became the…

Fred Hampton

Fred Hampton was a black Chicago activist who was murdered by law enforcement officers in 1969 because he was a leader of the Black Panther Party. Raised in a Chicago suburb, Hampton was an honors…

Edward III

(Encyclopedia) Edward III, 1312–77, king of England (1327–77), son of Edward II and Isabella. Edward's long reign saw many constitutional developments. Most important of these was the emergence of…

All Made Up

Women and men have always used paints, powders, dyes, and perfumes to decorate their hair, faces, and bodies. From earliest times, colorful makeup was used to frighten enemies, to show social rank…

Juneteenth

Celebrates the freeing of Black Americans in Texas on June 19, 1865 Origins Juneteenth (from "June Nineteenth") is a celebration of the freeing of Black slaves—specifically in Texas, on June 19,…