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Spark, Dame Muriel

(Encyclopedia) Spark, Dame Muriel, 1918–2006, Scottish novelist, b. Muriel Sarah Camberg. She lived in Edinburgh, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), London, New York, and Rome, and spent her last years in…

wagon train

(Encyclopedia) wagon train, in U.S. history, a group of covered wagons used to convey people and supplies to the West before the coming of the railroad. The wagon replaced the pack, or horse, train…

Notable Filmmakers and Directors

Notable Filmmakers and Directors Spike Lee See also Actors African-American Actors Asian American Film & Television Personalities Hispanic-American Film, Television, and Theater…

1999 World History

Thabo Mbeki (1942–) Eileen Collins (1956– ) NASA   1999 U.S. agrees to ease restrictions on Cuba (Jan. 4). Dennis Hastert elected to replace Newt…

Summer Movies

Upcoming Blockbusters and Indie Gems ArmageddonThe film has a publicity machine behind it the likes of Independence Day, but it doesn't have lucky charm Will Smith. Current It boy Ben Affleck will…

Acknowledgments

The first five editions of The Columbia Encyclopedia were published in 1935, 1950, 1963, 1975, and 1993. All editions owe a debt of gratitude to Clark Fisher Ansley, the editor of the first edition,…