(Encyclopedia) Alexander III, d. 1181, pope (1159–81), a Sienese named Rolandus [Bandinelli?], successor of Adrian IV. He was a canonist who had studied law under Gratian and had taught at Bologna.…
(Encyclopedia) Fisher, John (Saint John Fisher), c.1469–1535, English prelate, cardinal, bishop of Rochester (1504–34). Known for his scholarship at Cambridge, he was chosen confessor to Margaret…
(Encyclopedia) Pole, Reginald, 1500–1558, English churchman, archbishop of Canterbury (1556–58), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a cousin of the Tudors, being the son of Sir Richard…
(Encyclopedia) Bonaventure or Bonaventura, SaintBonaventure or Bonaventura, Saintbŏnˌəvĕnˈchər, bōˌnävānt&oomacr;ˈrä [key], 1221–74, Italian scholastic theologian, cardinal, Doctor of the Church…
(Encyclopedia) Rambouillet, Catherine de Vivonne, marquise deRambouillet, Catherine de Vivonne, marquise dekätrēnˈ də vēvônˈ märkēzˈ də räNb&oomacr;yāˈ [key], 1588–1665, famous Frenchwoman, whose…
(Encyclopedia) Bibliothèque nationaleBibliothèque nationalebēblēōtĕkˈ näsyônälˈ [key], national library of France, in Paris, a government archive, and one of the foremost libraries of the world. It…
(Encyclopedia) Wolsey, ThomasWolsey, Thomasw&oobreve;lˈzē [key], 1473?–1530, English statesman and prelate, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
From 1514 to 1529 Wolsey virtually controlled…
(Encyclopedia) Langham, SimonLangham, Simonlăngˈəm [key], d. 1376, English prelate and statesman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He ruled the abbey of Westminster with such skill that Edward…
(Encyclopedia) Le Tellier, MichelLe Tellier, Michelmēshĕlˈ lə tĕlyāˈ [key], 1603–85, French statesman. A minister of state under Cardinal Mazarin, he became war minister in 1643. He later shared his…
