(Encyclopedia) Crawford, Ralston, 1906–78, American painter, b. St. Catherine's, Ont. Crawford's paintings are marked by precise detail, flat color, and the simplification of form. His works portray…
(Encyclopedia) L'Hôpital or L'Hospital, Michel deL'Hôpital or L'Hospital, Michel deboth: mēshĕlˈ də lōpētälˈ [key], c.1505–1573, chancellor of France under Catherine de' Medici. He was Catherine's…
(Encyclopedia) Osterman, Andrei Ivanovich, CountOsterman, Andrei Ivanovich, Countəndrāˈ ēväˈnəvĭch əstyĭrmänˈ [key], 1686–1747, Russian statesman, b. Germany. His original name was Heinrich Johann…
(Encyclopedia) Henry III, 1379–1406, Spanish king of Castile and León (1390–1406), son and successor of John I. His marriage (1388) to Catherine, daughter of John of Gaunt, ended a long dynastic…
(Encyclopedia) Menshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich, PrinceMenshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich, Princeəlyĭksänˈdər dənyēˈləvĭch mĕnˈshĭkəf [key], 1672?–1729, Russian field marshal and statesman. Of lowly…
(Encyclopedia) Paul I, 1754–1801, czar of Russia (1796–1801), son and successor of Catherine II. His mother disliked him intensely and sought on several occasions to change the succession to his…
(Encyclopedia) Bourbon, Antoine deBourbon, Antoine deäNtwänˈ də [key]Bourbon, Antoine de b&oomacr;rbôNˈ [key], 1518–62, duc de Vendôme, king of Navarre through his marriage to Jeanne d'Albret;…
(Encyclopedia) EngelsEngelsĕngˈgĭls [key], city (1989 pop. 181,000), E European Russia, a port on the Volga River. It has a large chemical fiber complex. Founded by Ukrainian settlers, it was a major…
