(Encyclopedia) Alfonso VIII (Alfonso the Noble), 1155–1214, Spanish king of Castile (1158–1214), son and successor of Sancho III. Chaos prevailed during his minority, but he quickly restored order…
(Encyclopedia) James II, c.1260–1327, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1291–1327), king of Sicily (1285–95). He succeeded his father, Peter III, in Sicily and his brother, Alfonso III, in…
(Encyclopedia) Lothair II, also called Lothair III, 1075–1137, Holy Roman emperor (1133–37) and German king (1125–37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. His predecessor invested him with the…
(Encyclopedia) VasaVasaväˈzə [key], Pol. Waza, royal dynasty of Sweden (1523–1654) and Poland (1587–1668). Gustavus I, founder of the dynasty in Sweden, was succeeded by his sons Eric XIV (reigned…
(Encyclopedia) Hunyadi, JohnHunyadi, Johnh&oobreve;nˈyŏdĭ [key], Hung. Hunyadi János, c.1385–1456, Hungarian national hero, leader of the resistance against the Ottomans. He was chosen (1441)…
(Encyclopedia) Isabella, 1296–1358, queen consort of Edward II of England, daughter of Philip IV of France. She married Edward in 1308. Neglected and mistreated by her husband, Isabella nourished…
(Encyclopedia) York, house of, royal house of England, deriving its name from the creation of Edmund of Langley, fifth son of Edward III, as duke of York in 1385. The claims to the throne of Edmund's…
(Encyclopedia) Zamojski or Zamoyski, JanZamojski or Zamoyski, Janboth: yän zämoiˈskē [key], 1542–1605, Polish statesman, general, and author. He championed the rights of the lesser nobility; after…
PERRIELLO, Tom, a Representative from Virginia; born in Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Va., October 9, 1974; B. A. Yale University, 1996; J. D., Yale University, New Haven, Conn., 2001;…
