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The 1988 Summer Olympic Games

The Question: We all know that when Ben Johnson was disqualified at the Seoul Olympics, Carl Lewis consequently won the gold medal. Who were third and fourth…

Emin Pasha

(Encyclopedia) Emin PashaEmin Pashaāmēnˈ päˈshä [key], 1840–92, German explorer, whose original name was Eduard Schnitzer. A physician, he served (1876–78) under Gen. Charles Gordon in Sudan as a…

Hamann, Johann Georg

(Encyclopedia) Hamann, Johann GeorgHamann, Johann Georgyōˈhän gāˈôrk häˈmən [key], 1730–88, German Protestant theologian, b. Königsberg (now Kaliningrad). Although opposed to the rationalism of Kant…

André, John

(Encyclopedia) André, JohnAndré, Johnändrāˈ, ănˈdrē [key], 1751–80, British spy in the American Revolution. He was captured (1775) by Gen. Richard Montgomery in the Quebec campaign but was exchanged…

Gournay, Vincent de

(Encyclopedia) Gournay, Vincent deGournay, Vincent devăNsäNˈ də g&oomacr;rnāˈ [key], 1712–59, French economist, precursor of the physiocrats and of Adam Smith. A wealthy merchant, he was in…

Glass, Carter

(Encyclopedia) Glass, Carter, 1858–1946, American politician, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (1918–20), U.S. Senator from Virginia (1920–46), b. Lynchburg, Va. He learned the printer's trade and…

Gentile, Giovanni

(Encyclopedia) Gentile, GiovanniGentile, Giovannijōvänˈnē jāntēˈlā [key], 1875–1944, Italian philosopher and educator. He taught philosophy in several Italian universities and for many years…

Nicolson, Marjorie Hope

(Encyclopedia) Nicolson, Marjorie Hope, 1894–1981, American educator, b. Yonkers, N.Y., grad. Univ. of Michigan (B.A., 1914; M.A., 1918) and Yale (Ph.D., 1920). She was dean and professor at Smith…