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Jacob CROWNINSHIELD, Congress, MA (1770-1808)

CROWNINSHIELD, Jacob, (brother of Benjamin Williams Crowninshield), a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Salem, Mass., March 31, 1770; engaged in mercantile pursuits; unsuccessful…

Robert Raymond BARRY, Congress, NY (1915-1988)

BARRY, Robert Raymond, a Representative from New York; born in Omaha, Nebr., May 15, 1915; received early education in the public schools of Evanston, Ill.; attended Hamilton College, Clinton…

Point Four program

(Encyclopedia) Point Four program, U.S. foreign aid project aimed at providing technological skills, knowledge, and equipment to poor nations throughout the world. The program also encouraged the…

Eva Kelly BOWRING, Congress, NE (1892-1985)

Senate Years of Service: 1954-1954Party: RepublicanBOWRING, Eva Kelly, a Senator from Nebraska; born in Nevada, Vernon County, Mo., January 9, 1892; rancher; vice chairwoman of the Nebraska…

executive privilege

(Encyclopedia) executive privilege, exemption of the executive branch of government, or its officers, from having to give evidence, specifically, in U.S. law, the exemption of the president from…

Stans, Maurice Hubert

(Encyclopedia) Stans, Maurice HubertStans, Maurice Hubertmôrēsˈ hy&oomacr;ˈbərt stănz [key], 1908–98, U.S. government official, b. Shakopee, Minn. He worked as an accountant for many years before…

Brennan, William Joseph, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Brennan, William Joseph, Jr., 1906–97, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1956–90), b. Newark, N.J. After receiving his law degree from Harvard, he practiced law in Newark.…

Burns, Arthur Frank

(Encyclopedia) Burns, Arthur Frank, 1904–87, American economist, b. Austria, grad. Columbia Univ. (A.B., 1925; A.M., 1925; Ph.D., 1934). He taught economics at Rutgers Univ. (1927–44), and then…

Boyd, Alan Stephenson

(Encyclopedia) Boyd, Alan Stephenson, 1922–2020, U.S. government official, first secretary of transportation (1967–69), b. Jacksonville, Fla. After serving in the Army Air Forces in World War II, he…