(Encyclopedia) Mahmud II, 1784–1839, Ottoman sultan (1808–39), younger son of Abd al-Hamid I. He was raised to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) upon the deposition of his brother, Mustafa IV…
U.S. Department of State Background Note Index: People History Government Political Conditions Economy Foreign Relations Defense U.S.-Israeli Relations PEOPLEOf the approximately 6.43 million…
(Encyclopedia) Arab Spring, in modern North African and Middle Eastern history, antigovernment demonstrations and uprisings that, from late 2010, swept many of the regions' Arab nations. Arising in…
(Encyclopedia) Cottrell, Leonard EricCottrell, Leonard Erickŏˈtrəl, kətrĕlˈ [key], 1913–74, British author. He was a commentator, writer, and producer for the British Broadcasting Corporation until…
(Encyclopedia) Al-FarghaniAl-Farghaniäl-färgäˈnē [key] or AlfraganusAlfraganusălfrəgāˈnəs [key], d. after 861, Arab astronomer. Al-Farghani was born in Farghana, Transoxania (present-day Fergana,…
(Encyclopedia) Garstang, John, 1876–1956, English archaeologist. He served as W. M. Flinders Petrie's field assistant in Egypt in 1899 and was professor of archaeology at the Univ. of Liverpool from…
(Encyclopedia) JehoiakimJehoiakimjēhoiˈəkĭm [key], in the Bible, king of Judah, son of Josiah. On Josiah's death his son Jehoahaz became king. However, Pharaoh Neco II dethroned him and set up…
(Encyclopedia) MoerisMoerismērˈĭs [key], ancient name of Lake Karun (Arab. Birket Qarun), c.90 sq mi (230 sq km), NE Egypt, in El Faiyum. The size of the lake is much reduced from that described by…
(Encyclopedia) KhafreKhafrekhäˈfrä [key] or ChephrenChephrenkĕfˈrĕn [key], fl. 2565 b.c., king of ancient Egypt, of the IV dynasty, and builder of the second pyramid at Giza. His face is perhaps that…
(Encyclopedia) Lloyd, Seton Howard Frederick, 1902–96, English archaeologist. Trained originally as an architect, he gained his first archaeological experience in 1928 as a member of the Egypt…
