(Encyclopedia) Mâle, ÉmileMâle, Émileāmēlˈ mäl [key], 1862–1954, French art historian. Mâle pioneered the study of French art of the Middle Ages, its forms, and especially the Eastern sources of…
(Encyclopedia) Vandervelde, ÉmileVandervelde, Émileāmēlˈ vändĕrvĕlˈdə [key], 1866–1938, Belgian statesman and Socialist leader. He entered parliament in 1894, and served in many cabinets, notably as…
(Encyclopedia) Combes, ÉmileCombes, Émileāmēlˈ kôNb [key], 1835–1921, French statesman. An able politician of the left democratic group, he was minister of education under Léon Bourgeois (1895–96)…
(Encyclopedia) Girardin, Émile deGirardin, Émile deāmēlˈ [key]Girardin, Émile de də zhērärdăNˈ [key], 1806–81, French journalist. He was editor of La Presse (1836–56, 1862–66), La Liberté (1866–70),…
(Encyclopedia) Verhaeren, ÉmileVerhaeren, Émileāmēlˈ vārärĕnˈ, vərhäˈrən [key], 1855–1916, Belgian poet and critic, a Fleming who wrote in French. His dominant passion for social reform found…
(Encyclopedia) Chartier, Émile AugusteChartier, Émile Augusteāmēl ōgüstˈ [key]Chartier, Émile Auguste shärtyāˈ [key], 1868–1951, French essayist and philosopher who wrote under the pseudonym Alain.…
(Encyclopedia) Chabas, Paul ÉmileChabas, Paul Émilepōl āmēlˈ shäbäsˈ [key], 1869–1937, French academic painter. He is remembered chiefly for his nude, September Morn, which created a sensation when…
(Encyclopedia) Ollivier, ÉmileOllivier, Émileāmēlˈ ôlēvyāˈ [key], 1825–1913, French statesman, a leading figure in the “Liberal Empire” of Napoleon III. Widely known as a brilliant lawyer, he was…
(Encyclopedia) Durkheim, ÉmileDurkheim, Émiledûrkˈhīm, Fr. āmēlˈ dürkĕmˈ [key], 1858–1917, French sociologist. Along with Max Weber he is considered one of the chief founders of modern sociology.…
