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Old Pretender

(Encyclopedia) Old Pretender: see Stuart, James Francis Edward.

Assisi

(Encyclopedia) Assisi Assisi äs-sēˈzē [key], town, Umbria, central Italy. A religious and tourist center, it stands on a hill in the Apennines with an expansive view of the…

Josephine

(Encyclopedia) Josephine, 1763–1814, empress of the French (1804–9) as the consort of Napoleon I. Born Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie in Martinique, she was married in 1779 to Alexandre de…

History of the American Flag

According to popular legend, the first American flag was made by Betsy Ross, a Philadelphia seamstress who was acquainted with George Washington, leader of the Continental Army, and other…

Franz Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Franz Joseph, emperor of Austria and king of Hungary: see Francis Joseph.

Marignano, battle of

(Encyclopedia) Marignano, battle ofMarignano, battle ofmärēnyäˈnō [key], 1515, in the Italian Wars, fought by Francis I of France and his Venetian allies against the Swiss Confederates, who then…

Budé, Guillaume

(Encyclopedia) Budé, GuillaumeBudé, Guillaumegēyōmˈ büdāˈ [key], 1467–1540, French humanist, b. Paris. Budé, known also by the Latinized form of his name, Budaeus, was a towering figure of the…

Lennoxville

(Encyclopedia) Lennoxville, town (1991 pop. 4,046), S Que., Canada, at the confluence of the St. Francis and Massawippi rivers, SE of Sherbrooke. It is chiefly a residential town and is the seat of…