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Westphalia, Peace of

(Encyclopedia) Westphalia, Peace of, 1648, general settlement ending the Thirty Years War. It marked the end of the Holy Roman Empire as an effective institution and inaugurated the modern European…

Whittier, John Greenleaf

(Encyclopedia) Whittier, John GreenleafWhittier, John Greenleafhwĭtˈēər [key], 1807–92, American Quaker poet and reformer, b. near Haverhill, Mass. Whittier was a pioneer in regional literature as…

pacifism

(Encyclopedia) pacifism, advocacy of opposition to war through individual or collective action against militarism. Although complete, enduring peace is the goal of all pacifism, the methods of…

Metz

(Encyclopedia) MetzMetzEng. and Ger. mĕts, Fr. mĕs [key], city (2010 est. pop. 127,000), capital of Moselle dept., NE France, on the Moselle River. It is a cultural, commercial, and transportation…

Cologne

(Encyclopedia) Cologne Cologne kəlōnˈ [key], Ger. Köln, city (2021 est. metro area pop. 1,129,…

abolitionists

(Encyclopedia) abolitionists, in U.S. history, particularly in the three decades before the Civil War, members of the movement that agitated for the compulsory emancipation of the slaves.…

North Dakota

Capital: Bismarck State abbreviation/Postal code: N.D./ND Governor: Doug Burgum, R (to Dec. 15, 2020) Lieut. Governor: Brent Sanford, R…

Mackinac

(Encyclopedia) MackinacMackinacmăkˈĭnôˌ [key], historic region of the Old Northwest (see Northwest Territory), a shortening of Michilimackinac. The name, in the past, was variously applied to…

Bruges

(Encyclopedia) Bruges Bruges br&oomacr;zh, Fr. brüzh [key] or Brugge Brugge…

Selected Activists and Reformers

Sojourner Truth See also Martin Luther King, Jr., Biography Martin Luther King, Jr., Timeline African-American Religious Leaders Civil Rights Leaders Civil Rights Movement…