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Daley, Richard Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Daley, Richard Joseph, 1902–76, U.S. political leader, b. Chicago. Admitted to the bar in 1933, he entered politics and served as a Democrat in the state assembly (1936–38) and the…

spectral class

(Encyclopedia) CE5 spectral class, in astronomy, a classification of the stars by their spectrum and luminosity. In 1885, E. C. Pickering began the first extensive attempt to classify the stars…

August 2007

Here are the key news events of the month organized into three categories: World News, U.S. News, and Business, Society, and Science News. World Sunni…

Entertainment Bios — F

FabioNanette FabrayDouglas Fairbanks, Jr.FalcoPeter FalkChris FarleyElizabeth FarnsworthRichard FarnsworthPerry FarrellMia FarrowRalph FasanellaFastballFarrah FawcettFelaMarty FeldmanFederico…

Black Scientists and Inventors

Notable African-American Scientists and Inventors       Benjamin Banneker Browse more African-American biographies by category: A-Z List…

How to Use The Columbia Encyclopedia

The Columbia Encyclopedia is easy to use. All articles are arranged alphabetically with each article heading in boldface type. The headings of biographical articles are inverted and alphabetized by…

Year in Review, 2008

News of the nation in 2008 from the financial crisis to the presidential election Ben Bernanke Related Links 2008 Year in…

Knights of the Golden Circle

(Encyclopedia) Knights of the Golden Circle, secret order of Southern sympathizers in the North during the Civil War. Its members were known as Copperheads. Dr. George W. L. Bickley, a Virginian who…

Confederate cruisers

(Encyclopedia) Confederate cruisers, in U.S. history, warships constituting the South's seagoing navy. At the outbreak of the Civil War the United States ranked next to Great Britain in merchant…