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Hauptmann, Gerhart

(Encyclopedia) Hauptmann, GerhartHauptmann, Gerhartgĕrˈhärt houptˈmän [key], 1862–1946, German dramatist, novelist, and poet. He showed the influence of the theories of Zola and the plays of Ibsen in…

Western Union Telegraph Company

(Encyclopedia) Western Union Telegraph Company, enterprise created (1851) to provide telegraphic communications services in the United States. Originally known as the New York and Mississippi Valley…

tower

(Encyclopedia) tower, structure, the greatest dimension of which is its height. Towers have belonged to two general types. The first embodies practical uses such as defense (characteristic of the…

Woolf, Virginia

(Encyclopedia) Woolf, Virginia, 1882–1941, English novelist and essayist, b. Adeline Virgina Stephen; daughter of Sir Leslie Stephen. A successful innovator in the form of the novel, she is…

Animals in Uniform

For centuries, animals have been used to help fight wars. Before there were tanks, soldiers rode their horses into battle. Pack animals such as camels, mules, and horses carried ammunition and…

Santa Claus on Film

Celluloid Santas A dip into cinematic history proves that not all Saint Nicks are created equal... by Alicia Potter The snowy beard, the button-straining belly, and the confidence to wear…

Adventure

Gertrude Bell was born in England in 1868. She was the first European woman to travel in remote parts of the Middle East. She traveled, often…

Centuries of Jeans

Jeans have a long history, unlike most fashion fads, which tend to be fleeting. The fabrics denim and jean originated in Europe in the late 16th century.18th centuryAmerican mills begin producing…

2007 Academy Awards

The 2007 Academy Awards were presented February 24, 2008, at the Kodak Theatre. Best Picture Atonement…