(Encyclopedia) type, for printing, was invented in China (c.1040), using woodblocks. Related devices, such as seals and stamps for making impressions in clay, had been used in ancient times in…
(Encyclopedia) incunabulaincunabulaĭnˌky&oobreve;năbˈy&oobreve;lə [key], plural of incunabulum [Late Lat.,=cradle (books); i.e., books of the cradle days of printing], books printed in the…
(Encyclopedia) Vermeer, Jan or JohannesVermeer, Jan or Johannesvərmērˈ, Dutch yän vərmārˈ, yōhänˈəs [key], 1632–75, Dutch genre and landscape painter. He was born in Delft, where he spent his entire…
(Encyclopedia) Holz, ArnoHolz, Arnoärˈnō hôlts [key], 1863–1929, German critic and poet. His influence as a founder of the German naturalist school and as a critic is more important than his work…
(Encyclopedia) Philomena of Dacia, Peter, or Peter Nightingale, fl. 1291–1303, Danish astronomer and mathematician. He taught at the Univ. of Bologna (1291–92) and in Paris, and was a canon of…
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(Encyclopedia) Leo AfricanusLeo Africanusăfrĭkāˈnəs [key], c.1465–1550, Moorish traveler in Africa and the Middle East. His Arabic name was Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad. Captured by pirates, he was sent as…
(Encyclopedia) Witelo of Silesia or Vitelo, c.1230–75, Silesian physicist, philosopher, and theologian. He studied in Paris and Padua and spent time at the papal palace in Viterbo, Italy. His ten-…
EmperorsFranz I, last Holy Roman Emperor, first Emperor of Austria (1804–1835)Ferdinand I (1835–1848)Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)Karl I, last emperor of Austria (1916–1918)PresidentsFranz Dinghofer,…
