(Encyclopedia) Scully, Vincent Joseph, Jr., 1920–2018, American architectural historian, b. New Haven, Conn., grad. Yale (B.A., 1940; Ph.D., 1949). As a professor of art history at Yale (1947–91,…
(Encyclopedia) Chisholm, Shirley Anita St. HillChisholm, Shirley Anita St. Hillchĭzˈəm [key], 1924–2005, U.S. congresswoman (1969–83), b. Brooklyn, N.Y. An expert on early childhood education, she…
(Encyclopedia) civilization, culture with a relatively high degree of elaboration and technical development. The term civilization also designates that complex of cultural elements that first…
(Encyclopedia) Charles III (Charles of Durazzo), 1345–86, king of Naples (1381–86) and, as Charles II, of Hungary (1385–86); great-grandson of Charles II of Naples. Adopted as a child by Joanna I of…
(Encyclopedia) Goldin, Nan, 1953–, American photographer, b. Washington, D.C. She left home in her early teens for a series of mainly urban bohemian undergrounds; her earliest photographs were…
(Encyclopedia) typhoid fever acute, generalized infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The main sources of infection are contaminated water or milk and, especially in urban communities, food handlers…
(Encyclopedia) Parks, Gordon (Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks), 1912–2006, African-American photographer, filmmaker, writer, and composer, b. Fort Scott, Kans. Parks purchased his first camera…
(Encyclopedia) Gardner, John William, 1912–2002, American public official, U.S. secretary of health, education, and welfare (1965–68), b. Los Angeles. After teaching psychology at Connecticut and Mt…
(Encyclopedia) edge cities, term designating commercial complexes that have grown up on the margins of large American cities, a development that dates mainly from the 1970s. The term was coined by…
(Encyclopedia) bus [Lat. omnibus=for all], large public conveyance. A horse-drawn urban omnibus was introduced in Paris in 1662 by Blaise Pascal and his associates, but it remained in operation for…
