(Encyclopedia) Louis XI, 1423–83, king of France (1461–83), son and successor of Charles VII.
A born diplomat, Louis skillfully checked his foreign and domestic enemies and set up an efficient…
(Encyclopedia) Louis I, 1838–89, king of Portugal (1861–89), son of Maria II and Ferdinand II. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Peter V. His reign was marked by much political…
(Encyclopedia) Demetrius II, d. 229 b.c., king of Macedon (239–229 b.c.), son of Antigonus II. His reign was a confusion of wars and invasions, mostly concerned with possession of Epirus. The…
(Encyclopedia) Henry V, 1387–1422, king of England (1413–22), son and successor of Henry IV.
Henry abandoned his early recklessness (celebrated and probably exaggerated by Shakespeare) and ruled…
(Encyclopedia) Louis III, 1403–34, king of Naples (1417–34; rival claimant to Joanna II), duke of Anjou, count of Provence, son and successor of Louis II. He invaded Naples in 1420. Queen Joanna…
(Encyclopedia) Peter II, 1648–1706, king of Portugal (1683–1706), younger son of John IV; brother and successor of Alfonso VI. In 1667, he seized power from his incompetent brother and ruled the…
(Encyclopedia) Alfonso III (Alfonso the Great), 838?–911?, Spanish king of Asturias (866–911?). He recovered the territory of León from the Moors. The kingdom was consolidated in his reign, but after…
(Encyclopedia) Henry I, 1204–17, Spanish king of Castile (1214–17), son and successor of Alfonso VIII. At his death after a short, uneventful reign, his sister Berenguela renounced her rights to the…
(Encyclopedia) Charles XII, 1682–1718, king of Sweden (1697–1718), son and successor of Charles XI. The regency under which he succeeded was abolished in 1697 at the request of the Riksdag. At the…
