(Encyclopedia) Mar, John Erskine, 2d (or 7th) earl of, 1558–1634, Scottish nobleman; son of the 1st (or 6th) earl. In 1578 he was persuaded by James Douglas, 4th earl of Morton, to assert his claims…
(Encyclopedia) Margaret Tudor, 1489–1541, queen consort of James IV of Scotland; daughter of Henry VII of England and sister of Henry VIII. Her marriage (1503) to James was accompanied by a treaty of…
(Encyclopedia) Stuart or Stewart, James, earl of ArranStuart or Stewart, James, earl of Arranârˈən [key], d. 1595, Scottish nobleman. He spent his early years as a soldier of fortune fighting in the…
(Encyclopedia) Frederick II, 1194–1250, Holy Roman emperor (1220–50) and German king (1212–20), king of Sicily (1197–1250), and king of Jerusalem (1229–50), son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and of…
(Encyclopedia) Alba Iulia Alba Iulia älˈbä-y&oomacr;ˈlyä [key], Hung. Gyulafehérvár, Ger. Karlsburg, town, W central Romania, in Transylvania, on the Mureşul River. It…
(Encyclopedia) Frederick William I, 1688–1740, king of Prussia (1713–40), son and successor of Frederick I. He continued the administrative reforms and the process of centralization begun by…
(Encyclopedia) Mortimer, Edmund de, 5th earl of March and 3d earl of Ulster, 1391–1425, English nobleman, son of Roger de Mortimer, 4th earl of March. He succeeded (1398) his father not only as earl…
(Encyclopedia) Parr, Catherine, 1512–48, sixth queen consort of Henry VIII of England. She was the daughter of Sir Thomas Parr, an officeholder at the court, and had been twice widowed before Henry…
(Encyclopedia) Ptolemy VIII (Ptolemy Physcon)Ptolemy VIIItŏlˈəmē [key]Ptolemy VIIIfĭsˈkən [key], d. 116 b.c., king of ancient Egypt (145–116 b.c.), of the Macedonian dynasty, brother of Ptolemy VI.…
