(Encyclopedia) Gumplowicz, LudwigGumplowicz, Ludwigl&oomacr;tˈvĭkh g&oobreve;mˈplōvĭch [key], 1838–1909, Austrian sociologist, political scientist, and jurist. From 1897 to 1909 he was a…
(Encyclopedia) Windthorst, LudwigWindthorst, Ludwigl&oobreve;tˈvĭkh vĭntˈhôrst [key], 1812–91, German political leader. As a founder and head of the Catholic Center party, he became the Reichstag…
(Encyclopedia) Thoma, LudwigThoma, Ludwigl&oobreve;tˈvĭkh [key], 1867–1921, German novelist, dramatist, and poet. Thoma satirized Bavarian rural and small-town life. His serious peasant novels…
(Encyclopedia) Bamberger, LudwigBamberger, Ludwigl&oomacr;tˈvĭkh bämˈbĕrgər [key], 1823–99, German economist, politician, and journalist. An ardent liberal, he took part in the Revolution of 1848…
(Encyclopedia) Quidde, LudwigQuidde, Ludwigl&oomacr;tˈvĭkh kvĭdˈə [key], 1858–1941, German pacifist and historian. He was elected (1907) to the Bavarian diet, was a member (1919–22) of the…
(Encyclopedia) Beck, LudwigBeck, Ludwigl&oomacr;tˈvĭkh bĕk [key], 1880–1944, German general, leader of resistance to Hitler. A highly cultivated career soldier, he served on the general staff…
(Encyclopedia) Lewisohn, LudwigLewisohn, Ludwigl&oomacr;ˈĭzōn [key], 1882–1955, American author, b. Berlin. After teaching German at Ohio State (1911–19), he was associate editor for the Nation (…
(Encyclopedia) Erhard, LudwigErhard, Ludwigl&oobreve;tˈvĭkh ĕrˈhärt [key], 1897–1977, German political leader and economist. In Nuremberg he rose to be director of the institute for economic…
(Encyclopedia) Anzengruber, LudwigAnzengruber, Ludwigl&oobreve;tˈvĭkh änˈtsəngr&oomacr;ˌbər [key], 1839–89, Austrian writer. An actor and a clerk in the imperial police, Anzengruber had…
(Encyclopedia) Boltzmann, LudwigBoltzmann, Ludwigl&oobreve;tˈvĭkh bôltsˈmän [key], 1844–1906, Austrian physicist, b. Vienna, educated at Univ. of Vienna. He began teaching (1869) at Graz Univ. In…
