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Muhammed Atef

Former al-Qaeda military leaderBorn: 1944Birthplace: Menoufya, Egypt Born Sobhi Abu Sitta, he took the name Muhammad Atef and other aliases after joining Osama bin Laden's terrorist network, al-…

Women in Sports: Boxing

In 1876, Nell Saunders defeated Rose Harland in the first United States women's boxing match. Saunders received a silver butter dish as a prize…

Muslim League

(Encyclopedia) Muslim League, political organization of India and Pakistan, founded 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of…

Hamid Karzai

President of Afghanistan Born: 1957Birthplace: Kandahar, Afghanistan Karzai was elected president in Afghanistan's first popular elections on Oct. 9. He had been leading an interim Afghan…

Murad IV

(Encyclopedia) Murad IV, 1612?–1640, Ottoman sultan (1623–40), nephew and successor of Mustafa I. He recovered (1638) Baghdad, which Shah Abbas I of Persia had seized. On his victory he sent an order…

Ibn Khalikan

(Encyclopedia) Ibn KhalikanIbn Khalikanĭbn khăˈlēkăn [key] or Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Barmaki al-Irbili ash-Shafii, 1211–82, Arabic biographer, b. in Erbil, Iraq. Ibn Khallikan lived and served as a…

Hassan II

(Encyclopedia) Hassan IIHassan IIhäˈsän [key], 1929–99, king of Morocco (1961–99). Formerly crown prince Moulay Hassan ben Mohammed Alaoui, he ascended the throne on the death (1961) of his father,…

Obasanjo, Olusegun

(Encyclopedia) Obasanjo, OlusegunObasanjo, Olusegunōl&oomacr;ˈshĕg&oomacr;n ōbāˈsănjō [key], 1937–, Nigerian military officer and political leader, b. Abeokuta. Obasanjo, who joined the army…

Iraq: Rulers

KingsFaisal I (1921–1933)Ghazi I (1933–1939)Faisal II (1939–1958)Abd al-Ilah, regent (1939–1941, 1941–1953)Sharaf ibn Rajih al-Fawwaz, regent (1941)Chairman of the Sovereignty CouncilMuhammad Najib…

Firishta

(Encyclopedia) Firishta or FerishtaFirishtaboth: fĭrĭshtăˈ [key], c.1560–c.1620, Indian Muslim historian. His given name was Muhammad Kasim Hindu Shah. Under the patronage of the shah of Bijapur, he…