(Encyclopedia) Lowe, Sir HudsonLowe, Sir Hudsonlō [key], 1769–1844, British general. He fought with credit throughout the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, mainly in the Mediterranean region…
(Encyclopedia) Maximilian I, 1756–1825, king (1806–25) and elector (1799–1806) of Bavaria as Maximilian IV Joseph. His alliance with French Emperor Napoleon I earned him the royal title and vast…
(Encyclopedia) Daru, Pierre Antoine, ComteDaru, Pierre Antoine, Comtepyĕr äNtwänˈ kôNt därüˈ [key], 1767–1829, French soldier, administrator, statesman, and writer. He served in the French…
(Encyclopedia) Papal States, Ital. Lo Stato della Chiesa, from 754 to 1870 an independent territory under the temporal rule of the popes, also called the States of the Church and the Pontifical…
(Encyclopedia) Orsini, FeliceOrsini, Felicefālēˈchā [key]Orsini, Felice ōrsēˈnē [key], 1819–58, Italian patriot who attempted to assassinate the French emperor Napoleon III. He was a follower of…
(Encyclopedia) Cuoco, VincenzoCuoco, Vincenzovēnchānˈtsō k&oomacr;-ôˈkō [key], 1770–1823, Italian political philosopher. A lawyer, he was exiled (1799) from Naples for his part in establishing…
(Encyclopedia) Davout, Louis NicolasDavout, Louis Nicolaslwē nēkôläˈ däv&oomacr;ˈ [key], 1770–1823, marshal of France. One of Napoleon's ablest generals, Davout defeated a Prussian army at…
(Encyclopedia) Molé, Louis Mathieu, ComteMolé, Louis Mathieu, Comtelwē mätyöˈ kôNt môlāˈ [key], 1781–1855, French politician. He was made a count and minister of justice by Emperor Napoleon I and…
(Encyclopedia) Crémieux, (Isaac) AdolpheCrémieux, (Isaac) Adolpheēsäkˈ ädôlfˈ krāmyöˈ [key], 1796–1880, Jewish-French statesman and political writer. A lawyer, he served briefly as minister of…
