(Encyclopedia) Todorov, Tzvetan, 1939–2017, Bulgarian-French literary theorist, historian of ideas, and sociologist, b. Sofia, Bulgaria, Ph.D. Univ. of Paris, 1966. He joined (1968) the National…
(Encyclopedia) Renan, ErnestRenan, Ernestĕrnĕstˈ rənäNˈ [key], 1823–92, French historian and critic. He began training for the priesthood but renounced it in 1845. His first trip to Italy (1849)…
(Encyclopedia) Cresson, EdithCresson, Edithādētˈ krĕsōNˈ [key], 1934–, French politician, b. Edith Campion. After studying at the École des Hautes Études Commerciales, she became a consultant in…
(Encyclopedia) East India Company, French, 1664–1769, commercial enterprise planned by Jean Baptiste Colbert and chartered by King Louis XIV for the purpose of trading in the Eastern Hemisphere. It…
(Encyclopedia) Hartmann, NicolaiHartmann, Nicolainēˈkōlī [key], 1882–1950, German philosopher, b. Latvia. He taught at Marburg (1922–25), Cologne (1925–31), Berlin (1931–45), and Göttingen (1945–50…
(Encyclopedia) Nouvel, JeanNouvel, JeanzhäN n&oomacr;vĕlˈ [key], 1945–, French architect, grad. École des Beaux-Arts, Paris (1971). He opened his own firm in 1975, and became known for innovative…
(Encyclopedia) Lessing, Gotthold EphraimLessing, Gotthold Ephraimgôtˈhôlt āˈfräĭm [key], 1729–81, German philosopher, dramatist, and critic, one of the most influential figures of the Enlightenment.…
(Encyclopedia) Lotze, Rudolf HermannLotze, Rudolf Hermannr&oomacr;ˈdôlf hĕrˈmän lōˈtsə [key], 1817–81, German philosopher and psychologist. After studying medicine and philosophy at Leipzig, he…
(Encyclopedia) NantesNantesnäNt [key], city (1990 pop. 252,029), capital of Loire-Atlantique dept., W France, on the Loire River. It is an important industrial and shipping center with its ocean port…
