(Encyclopedia) Todorov, Tzvetan, 1939–2017, Bulgarian-French literary theorist, historian of ideas, and sociologist, b. Sofia, Bulgaria, Ph.D. Univ. of Paris, 1966. He joined (1968) the National…
(Encyclopedia) Renan, ErnestRenan, Ernestĕrnĕstˈ rənäNˈ [key], 1823–92, French historian and critic. He began training for the priesthood but renounced it in 1845. His first trip to Italy (1849)…
(Encyclopedia) imagists, group of English and American poets writing from 1909 to about 1917, who were united by their revolt against the exuberant imagery and diffuse sentimentality of 19th-century…
(Encyclopedia) Haushofer, KarlHaushofer, Karlkärl housˈhōfər [key], 1869–1946, German geographer, theorist of Nazi geopolitics, including the doctrines that the state is a living organism and that…
(Encyclopedia) Goncourt, Edmond Louis Antoine Huot deGoncourt, Edmond Louis Antoine Huot deĕdmôNˈ lwē äNtwänˈ üōˈ də gôNk&oomacr;rˈ [key], 1822–96, and Jules Alfred Huot de GoncourtGoncourt,…
(Encyclopedia) Gay-Lussac, Joseph LouisGay-Lussac, Joseph Louiszhôzĕfˈ lwē gā-lüsäkˈ [key], 1778–1850, French chemist and physicist. He was professor in Paris at the Sorbonne, at the Polytechnic…
(Encyclopedia) NantesNantesnäNt [key], city (1990 pop. 252,029), capital of Loire-Atlantique dept., W France, on the Loire River. It is an important industrial and shipping center with its ocean port…
(Encyclopedia) Nouvel, JeanNouvel, JeanzhäN n&oomacr;vĕlˈ [key], 1945–, French architect, grad. École des Beaux-Arts, Paris (1971). He opened his own firm in 1975, and became known for innovative…
(Encyclopedia) Lessing, Gotthold EphraimLessing, Gotthold Ephraimgôtˈhôlt āˈfräĭm [key], 1729–81, German philosopher, dramatist, and critic, one of the most influential figures of the Enlightenment.…
(Encyclopedia) Martini, SimoneMartini, Simonesēmôˈnā [key]Martini, Simone märtēˈnē [key], or Simone di MartinoSimone di Martinodē märtēˈnō [key], c.1283–1344, major Sienese painter. His art is…
