(Encyclopedia) Toledo, Francisco deToledo, Francisco defränthēˈskō ᵺā tōlāˈᵺō [key], 1515?–84, Spanish viceroy of Peru (1569–81). He came from one of the noblest families of Spain and had served…
(Encyclopedia) Tacna-Arica ControversyTacna-Arica Controversytäkˈnə-ərēˈkə [key], 1883–1929, dispute between Chile and Peru. It arose from provisions of the Treaty of Ancón (1883), which ended the…
(Encyclopedia) Sagasti Hochausler, Francisco Rafael, 1944–, Peruvian political leader. An industrial engineer by training, he has served as an adviser to Peruvian governments and as a government…
(Encyclopedia) Pacific, War of the, 1879–84, war between Chile and the allied nations, Peru and Bolivia; also called the Chile–Peruvian War. The trouble began when President Hilarión Daza of Bolivia…
(Encyclopedia) Means, Philip Ainsworth, 1892–1944, American historian and archaeologist, b. Boston. An assistant on a Yale expedition to Peru (1914–15), he was later (1920–21) director of the…
(Encyclopedia) Piérola, Nicolás dePiérola, Nicolás denēkōläsˈ dā pyāˈrōlä [key], 1839–1913, president of Peru (1879–81, 1895–99). Minister of finance under José Balta, he was accused of…
(Encyclopedia) Chavín de HuántarChavín de Huántarchävēnˈ dā wänˈtär [key], archaeological site in the northeastern highlands of Peru, near the headwaters of the Marañon River. It flourished between c…
(Encyclopedia) Garcilaso de la VegaGarcilaso de la Vegagärsēläˈsō dā lä vāˈgä [key], 1539–1616, Peruvian historian; son of the Spanish conquistador Sebastián Garcilaso de la Vega and an Incan…
(Encyclopedia) Castilla, RamónCastilla, Ramónrämōnˈ kästēˈyä [key], 1797–1867, president of Peru (1845–51, 1855–62). He fought under Antonio José de Sucre in the revolution against Spain (1821–24) in…
(Encyclopedia) Nazca or NascaNascaboth: näsˈkä [key], ancient culture of the Nazca, Pisco, and Ica river valleys on the desert coast of S Peru. Flourishing during the first millennium a.d., the Nazca…
