(Encyclopedia) Clement VIII, 1536–1605, pope (1592–1605), a Florentine named Ippolito Aldobrandini; successor of Innocent IX. He reversed the policy of his predecessors by allying the Holy See with…
(Encyclopedia) ZutphenZutphenzŭtˈfən [key], city (1994 pop. 31,309), Gelderland prov., E central Netherlands, on the IJssel River. It is an administrative, industrial, and commercial center. Zutphen…
(Encyclopedia) David II (David Bruce), 1324–71, king of Scotland (1329–71), son and successor of Robert I. David's guardians were not strong enough to prevent the invasion (1332) of Scotland by…
(Encyclopedia) Farinelli, Carlo BroschiFarinelli, Carlo Broschikärˈlō brôˈskē färēnĕlˈlē [key], 1705–82, Italian male soprano, greatest of the castrati (see castrato), pupil of Niccolò Porpora, in…
(Encyclopedia) Gramm, Phil (William Philip Gramm), 1942–, American politician, b. Fort Benning, Ga. A Univ. of Georgia Ph.D. in economics and former professor, he served as a Democratic member of the…
(Encyclopedia) Troyes, Treaty of, 1420, agreement between Henry V of England, Charles VI of France, and Philip the Good of Burgundy. Its purpose, ultimately unsuccessful, was to settle the issues of…
(Encyclopedia) Oratory, Congregation of the [Lat. abbr., Cong. Orat.], in the Roman Catholic Church, founded in 1575, an association of secular priests organized into independent communities…
(Encyclopedia) Ottocar IOttocar Iŏtˈəkär [key] or Přemysl Ottocar IPřemysl Ottocar Ipərzhĕmˈĭsəl ôtˈôkär [key], d. 1230, duke (1197–98) and king (1198–1230) of Bohemia. The struggle within the Holy…
(Encyclopedia) Frank, Glenn, 1887–1940, American editor and educator, b. Queen City, Mo., grad. Northwestern Univ., 1912. He was assistant to the president of Northwestern Univ. from 1912 to 1916. In…
(Encyclopedia) AlphonseAlphonseälfôNsˈ [key], 1220–71, count of Poitiers and of Toulouse, brother of King Louis IX of France. By his marriage to the daughter of Raymond VII, count of Toulouse, he…
